The solar cell is a semiconductor device with photoelectric conversion characteristics. It directly converts solar radiation energy into direct current and is the most basic unit for photovoltaic energy production. The unique electrical properties of solar cells are achieved by doping certain elements (such as phosphorus or boron) into crystalline silicon. This creates a permanent imbalance in the molecular charge of the material, forming a semiconductor material with special electrical properties. Under sunlight, free charges can be generated in semiconductors with special electrical properties. These free charges move in one direction and accumulate, forming an electromotive force at both ends. When both ends are closed by a conductor, a current is generated. This phenomenon is called photovoltaic effect, or photovo effect.ltaic for short.
The most widely used monocrystalline silicon solar cell at present is composed of two layers of semiconductor materials with a thickness of about 0.25 mm, forming two zones: one zone of positive charge and a zone of negative charge. The negative zone is located in the upper layer of the battery. In this layer, elements such as phosphorus and boron are forced to penetrate and stick to the silicon. The positive area is placed below the surface of the battery and the positive and negative interface areas are called P-N junctions. The P-N junction has constant physical properties during battery manufacturing. When sunlight hits the electrons that remain free in the battery, these electrons near the P-N junction move towards the surface of the battery. When a metal wire is used to connect the positive voltage level of the solar cell to the loadin volts, a metal wire is used to connect the positive voltage level of the solar cell to the voltage load. current is formed in the external circuit. The electromotive force at the P-N junction of each basic unit of solar cell is about 0.5 V, and this voltage value has nothing to do with the size of the cell. The output current of a solar cell is affected by its surface area and the intensity of sunlight. A cell with a larger surface area can produce a stronger current.
What is the Energy Internet?
1. Different functions: Photodynamic energy refers to the use of light to provide energy. Typically, photovoltaic panels are installed to provide circulation or motion energy to circulation pumps and motors.
2. For example, a photovoltaic water heater is equipped with a photovoltaic panel on the water heaterto power the circulation pump and provide circulation energy for the active circulation hot water circulation system.
3. Solar energy refers to two aspects: 1. Photovoltaic photovoltaic energy production 2. Photothermal photothermal energy production. At present, photothermal energy cannot provide mechanical energy, and the possibility of providing energy in the future cannot be ruled out, such as photothermal energy production gradually emerging. Nowadays, photokinetic energy mainly refers to the point energy provided by photovoltaics.
4. Different concepts: Light energy: energy transformed in the form of radiation or converted into visible radiation Light energy is a form of energy released by luminous objects such as solar candles.
5. Solar (solar) energy: generally refers to the radiant energy of lightand the sun. The nuclear fusion reaction of “hydrogen” into “helium” inside the sun continuously releases enormous energy and continuously radiates energy into the universe. This energy is solar energy.
Detailed information
1. Solar energy is the energy generated by the continuous nuclear fusion reaction process inside the sun. The average intensity of solar radiation in Earth's orbit is 1369 W/㎡. EarthThe circumference of the equator is 40,076 kilometers, which can be calculated.
2. The energy obtained by the earth can reach 173,000 TW. The standard maximum intensity at sea level is 1 kW/m2, and the 24-hour average annual radiation intensity at a certain point on the Earth's surface is 0.20 kW/m2, which is equivalent at 102,000 TW of energy.
3. Photochemical utilization is a method of photochemical conversion that uses energy from radiationsolar ent to directly decompose water to produce hydrogen. This includes photosynthesis, photoelectrochemistry, photosensitive chemistry and photodecomposition reactions.
4. Photochemical conversion is the process of converting chemical energy into chemical energy due to chemical reactions caused by the absorption of light radiation. Its basic forms include plant photosynthesis and photochemical reactions that use chemical changes in substances to store solar energy.
5. Plants rely on chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy to achieve their own growth and reproduction. If the secret of photochemical conversion can be revealed, artificial chlorophyll can produce electricity. Process of converting solar energy into biomass through plant photosynthesis.
6. Light energy [light energyneuse; light energy] is the form of energy corresponding to the movement of photons. Light energy is a form of energy released by luminous objects such as the sun and candles. renewable energy.
7. Photothermal conversion: Dark matter converts most light energy into thermal energy. The characteristic of dark matter is the chemical reaction of the molecular structure of the substance. At the same time, it also has many changes in physical factors.
8. Organic substances we commonly see, such as graphite, coal, and petroleum, all have varying levels of saturation ranging from dark brown to black. Dark matter converts most light energy into thermal energy, which depends mainly on the activity of the smallest atoms in dark matter molecules.
Reference documents:
Baidu Encyclopedia - Solar Energy
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