How much impact do solar storms have on the earth?

During a solar storm, the sun emit Particles, electrons, etc.) plasma clouds will be greatly strengthened, which will trigger related geophysical phenomena.

The X-rays emitted during solar storms will increase 1,000 times compared to normal times. The increase in X-rays will greatly increase the electron density of the ionosphere in the Earth's atmosphere, causing serious interference in short-wave radio communications and even causing Radio communication is interrupted. For example, during the 22nd peak year of solar activity in 1989, a large solar flare disrupted shortwave radio communications on Earth for more than an hour. The high-energy particle flow generated during solar storms can seriously damage some detection instruments and computer systems during space flights, and directly threaten the lives of space flight personnel. A total of 13 bit flip errors occurred in the global positioning satellite GPS9783 during the 22nd peak year of solar activity. High-energy protons during solar storms will cause large-flux solar cosmic ray events in the Earth's near-Earth space, called proton events. At the same time, these high-energy protons will also cause disturbances in the atmosphere above the Earth's poles, leading to interruptions in short-wave communications. Strong changes in ultraviolet radiation during solar storms will directly change the temperature and density of the Earth's upper atmosphere, which will change the orbits of spacecraft such as artificial satellites, directly threatening their operational safety.

Another important impact of solar storms on the earth is the occurrence of magnetic storms. The plasma clouds ejected during solar flares reach the vicinity of the earth and interact with the earth's magnetosphere, sometimes causing strong magnetic storms, which interfere with the earth's magnetic field, thus affecting the normal operation of satellite and ground communications, power supply networks, and oil pipelines, for example. In 1989, during the 22nd peak period of solar activity, a magnetic storm severely impacted a large hydroelectric power plant in Quebec, Canada, paralyzing the power supply system. More than 6 million people spent 9 hours in the winter without electricity, and the power loss reached 2000KW. Not only that, the strong magnetic storm also burned down a giant transformer at a nuclear power plant in New Jersey, USA.