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STANDARD
SIST EN 15644:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15644December 2008ICS 91.060.30 English VersionTraditionally designed prefabricated stairs made of solid wood -Specifications and requirementsEscaliers préfabriqués de conception traditionnelle en boismassif - Spécifications et exigencesTraditionell konstruierte, vorgefertigte Treppen ausMassivholz - Spezifikationen und AnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15644:2008: ESIST EN 15644:2009
EN 15644:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .5 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 General principles.8 4.1 Classification .8 4.1.1 General .8 4.1.2 Climatic conditions (location) .8 4.1.3 Traffic frequency .9 4.1.4 Comfort .9 4.2 Performance characteristic required .9 4.2.1 General .9 4.2.2 Mechanical resistance and stability.9 4.2.3 Safety in case of fire . 10 4.2.4 Hygiene, health and environment (dangerous substances) . 10 4.3 Geometry of stairs and safety in use . 11 4.3.1 Geometry of stairs including landings . 11 4.3.2 Slipperiness . 11 4.3.3 Safety equipment . 11 4.3.4 Safe breakage . 13 4.3.5 Impact resistance. 14 4.4 Protection against noise . 14 4.5 Energy economy . 14 4.6 Aspects of durability, serviceability and identification . 14 4.6.1 General . 14 4.6.2 Resistance to deterioration caused by climatic conditions . 14 4.6.3 Resistance to deterioration caused by chemical agents. 14 4.6.4 Resistance to deterioration caused by biological agents . 14 4.6.5 Finishes . 15 5 Methods of verification and assessments . 15 5.1 Performance characteristics and verification methods. 15 5.1.1 General . 15 5.1.2 Mechanical resistance and stability. 17 5.1.3 Design provisions for earthquake resistance . 18 5.1.4 Load/displacement behaviour and vibrations . 18 5.1.5 Resistance of fixings . 18 5.2 Safety in case of fire . 18 5.2.1 Resistance to fire . 18 5.2.2 Reaction to fire . 18 5.3 Safety in use . 19 5.3.1 Geometry on the stair including landings . 19 5.3.2 Slipperiness . 21 5.3.3 Safety equipment . 21 5.3.4 Safe breakage . 21 5.3.5 Impact resistance. 22 5.4 Protection against noise . 22 5.5 Thermal performance . 22 5.6 Aspect of durability, serviceability and identification . 22 5.6.1 General . 22 5.6.2 Resistance to deterioration caused by climatic conditions . 22 SIST EN 15644:2009
EN 15644:2008 (E) 3 5.6.3 Resistance to deterioration caused by chemical agents . 23 5.6.4 Resistance to deterioration caused by biological agents . 23 5.6.5 Finishes . 23 6 Application to prefabricated stairs made of solid wood . 23 6.1 Intended use . 23 6.1.1 General. 23 6.1.2 Intended use: heated space . 23 6.1.3 Intended use: unheated space (humid conditions) . 23 6.1.4 External conditions non exposed or exposed . 23 6.2 Materials . 24 7 Solid wood prefabricated stair characteristics . 24 7.1 General. 24 7.2 Solid wood products . 24 7.3 Other materials . 24 7.4 Safety in case of fire . 24 7.4.1 Resistance to fire . 25 7.4.2 Reaction to fire . 25 7.5 Dangerous substances . 28 7.5.1 Formaldehyde release (expressed in term of classes) . 28 7.5.2 Content of pentachlorophenol (expressed in term of values) . 28 7.6 Safety in use . 28 7.6.1 Impact resistance . 28 7.6.2 Slipperiness . 28 7.6.3 Load bearing capacity of stairs . 28 7.6.4 Stability and stiffness . 28 7.6.5 Resistance to fixing . 29 7.7 Acoustic performance . 29 7.8 Biological durability . 29 7.8.1 General. 29 7.8.2 Natural durability . 29 7.8.3 Wood treated against biological attack . 29 7.8.4 Biological durability level (expressed in term of use classes) . 30 7.9 Surface resistance . 30 7.9.1 Finishes and wear resistance . 30 7.9.2 Hardness . 30 7.9.3 Resistance to chemical agents . 30 7.10 Safety equipment . 30 7.11 Safe breakage . 30 7.12 Impact resistance . 30 7.13 Behaviour of stair in various/changing indoor and outdoor climates . 30 7.14 Dimensions . 31 7.15 Classification and decorative appearance of elements . 31 7.16 Dimensioning of risers and treads and the slope of the stair. 31 7.17 Finishing . 31 8 Factory production control . 31 8.1 General. 31 8.2 Equipment . 32 8.3 Raw material and components . 32 8.4 Production process . 32 8.5 Product testing and evaluation . 32 8.6 Non-conforming products . 32 9 Labelling . 33 10 Handling, installation, maintenance and care . 34 Annex A (informative)
Dimensional and performance characteristics of balustrades, handrails and flights of stairs in connection with the classification given in 4.1 . 35 A.1 Handrails and/or balustrades . 35 SIST EN 15644:2009
EN 15644:2008 (E) 4 A.1.1 Minimum lowest height of handrails and/or balustrades corresponding to the classification given in 4.1 . 35 A.1.2 Grip of handrail . 36 A.2 Mechanical performance characteristics . 36 A.3 Sequence of tests . 36 Annex B (informative)
General considerations regarding biological durability . 37 B.1 General precautions (extract from EN 335-2:2006, Annex 3) . 37 B.2 Natural or conferred durability of sound wood (extract from EN 335-2:2006, Annex 4) . 37 Annex C (normative)
Formaldehyde classes . 38 C.1 Product to be tested . 38 C.2 Materials to be tested . 38 Annex D (informative)
Remind of classes of reaction to fire performance for construction products for flooring including their surface coverings (OJEC 150/18 - 23.2.2000) (Extract from EN 13501-1:2007) . 40 Annex E (informative)
Examples of traditional and non traditional timber stairs . 41 E.1 Examples of traditional timber stairs. 41 E.2 Examples of non traditional timber stairs . 43 Bibliography . 46
SIST EN 15644:2009
EN 15644:2008 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 15644:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This standard is divided into parts:
- Clauses 4 and 5: General questions; - Clauses 6 to 11: Applications to stairs made of solid wood. If a general standard on stairs is developed and adopted, Clauses 4 and 5 of this document will be reconsidered to be aligned with the general standard, if needed. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15644:2009
EN 15644:2008 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard gives specifications and requirements for prefabricated stairs made of solid wood, i.e. where the components contributing to the fulfilment of mechanical resistance and stability characteristics are made of solid wood. These stairs are traditionally designed. NOTE 1 If the filling of the guarding does not contribute to the mechanical stability and resistance, the used material is not relevant.
NOTE 2 Examples of traditionally made/designed stairs are given in Annex E. This European Standard covers: stairs either pre-assembled, partly pre-assembled or in component form including balustrades and handrails for internal or external use. This European Standard does not consider the contribution of these elements to the overall structure design. The ability of a stair to contribute to the overall stability of the works or to the strength of the structure is not covered by this standard. Carpets on stairs are not covered by this Standard. The surfaces of the wooden elements may be exposed or covered by finishes. Where stairs are supplied with a finish or covering, aesthetic or visual characteristics will not be covered by this Standard and references shall be made to the appropriate product standard (e.g. colour fastness of carpet finishes). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 335-2:2006, Durability of wood and wood–based products — Definition of use classes — Part 2: Application to solid wood EN 350-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products – Natural durability of solid wood – Part 1: Guide to the principles of testing and classification of the natural durability of wood EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products – Natural durability of solid wood – Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe EN 351-1, Durability of wood and wood–based products — Preservative–treated solid wood — Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention EN 599-1, Durability of wood and wood–based products — Efficacy of preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests — Part 1: Specification according to use class EN 599-2, Durability of wood and wood–based products — Performance of preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests — Part 2: Classification and labelling EN 1121, Doors - Behaviour between two different climates - Test method EN 1294, Door leaves - Determination of the behaviour under humidity variations in successive uniform climates EN 1365-6, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 6: Stairs EN 1534, Wood and parquet flooring – Determination of resistance to indentation (Brinell) – Test method EN 1990, Eurocode – Basis of structural design SIST EN 15644:2009
EN 15644:2008 (E) 7 EN 1995-1-1, Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures – Part 1-1: General – Common rules and rules for buildings ENV 1998-1-2:1994, Eurocode 8 – Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures – Part 1-2: General rules – Generals rules for buildings EN 12219, Doors – Climatic influences – Requirements and classification EN 12600, Glass in building – Pendulum test. Impact test - method and classification for flat glass EN 13442, Wood and parquet flooring and wood panelling and cladding – Determination of the resistance to chemical agents EN 13501-1:2007, Fire classification and construction products and building elements – Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests EN 13647, Wood and parquet flooring and wood panelling and cladding – Determination of geometrical characteristics EN 13696, Wood flooring – Test methods to determine elasticity and resistance to wear and impact resistance EN 13986, Wood-based panels for use in construction – Characteristics, evaluation of conformity and marking EN 14076:2004, Timber stairs — Terminology CEN/TS 15680, Prefabricated timber stairs – Mechanical test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14076:2004 and the following apply. 3.1 overlap horizontal distance (o) between the nosing of a tread that covers the rear edge of the immediate lower tread (see Figure 4)
3.2
calculation
assessment of characteristics (for example mechanical resistance, stability, etc.) using formulae of appropriate design models for the structural behaviour of stairs and components including the use of tabulated values (for some characteristics, Eurocodes are relevant) 3.3 traditionally-designed prefabricated stair stair made of solid wood with steps with or without riser, housed on both ends into strings, either close string(s) and/or cut string(s)
NOTE Fixing of steps on both ends in/on strings indicates a design of steps as single-span beam (examples given in Annex E).
3.4 solid wood wood sawn or otherwise machined which may include finger jointed and/or laminated wood (as defined in
EN 335-2) NOTE
A decorative veneer may be used if the hidden parts are made of solid wood.
SIST EN 15644:2009
EN 15644:2008 (E) 8 3.5 historical data test results following the provisions of the product technical specification, obtained before it was in force and
complying with this technical specification (see Guidance Paper M:May 2005) 3.6 stair made of solid wood components (steps, strings, guarding/railing, etc.) which contribute to the fulfilment of mechanical resistance and stability characteristics (vertical and horizontal) are of solid wood 3.7 classified without the need further testing CWFT procedure by which the level of performance of a product is initially demonstrated by testing, in such a way that manufacturers may refer to that performance without the need of further tests (see Guidance Paper M:May 2005) 3.8 conventional accepted performance CAP provisions presented or referred to in the technical specification that allows manufacturers to declare product performances without the need to perform initial type tests, calculations, etc. such as tabulated values, descriptive solutions and alike (see Guidance Paper M :May 2005) 3.9 balustrade safety barrier that shall prevent a person falling from the stair or being trapped. 3.10 walking line theorical line indicating the average path of the user of the stair 4 General principles 4.1 Classification 4.1.1 General For the purpose of this standard, 3 systems are considered: climatic conditions, traffic frequency and comfort. For each performance given in the clauses below, a verification method is given in Clause 5. 4.1.2 Climatic conditions (location) The intended use (location) is defined in the following Table 1: Table 1 — Climatic conditions Internal - for space with room temperature below
12 °C - for space with room temperature included between 12 °C and 21 °C - for space with room temperature over
21 °C External No subclasses NOTE
Border values are given in 5.6.2. SIST EN 15644:2009
EN 15644:2008 (E) 9
Specific climatic conditions relevant for wooden stairs are given in Clause 6. 4.1.3 Traffic frequency The material used in the stairs shall take into account the intended use (frequency: Fx): F1 (low traffic): typical use: domestic: 1 – 10 persons using the stair in the building; F2 (moderate traffic): typical use: domestic and/or commercial: 10 - 20 persons; F3 (high traffic): typical use: public and industrial: more than 20 persons. 4.1.4 Comfort There are different aspects of the comfort, for example: number of steps, the clear width, the pitch. Classifications exist concerning comfort. These classifications can rely on the relation between rise and going. Following this relation, the stairs can be tight, ordinary or comfortabl
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