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STANDARDSIST EN 12915-1:2003/AC:2006SIST EN 12915-1:20031DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12915-1:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12915-1March 2009ICS 71.100.80Supersedes EN 12915-1:2003
English VersionProducts used for the treatment of water intended for humanconsumption - Granular activated carbon - Part 1: Virgingranular activated carbonProduits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eaudestinée à la consommation humaine - Charbon actif engrains - Partie 1: Charbon actif en grains viergeProdukte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für denmenschlichen Gebrauch - Granulierte Aktivkohle - Teil 1:Frische granulierte AktivkohleThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 February 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12915-1:2009: ESIST EN 12915-1:2009
EN 12915-1:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Description .5 4.1 Identification .5 4.2 Commercial forms .6 5 Physical properties .6 5.1 Appearance .6 5.2 Particle size distribution .6 5.3 Wettability .7 5.4 Bulk density packed .7 5.5 Mechanical strength .7 6 Chemical properties .7 6.1 General .7 6.2 Purity criteria .7 7 Specific properties.8 8 Test methods .8 8.1 Sampling .8 8.2 Analysis .8 9 Labelling, transportation and storage . 15 9.1 Means of delivery . 15 9.2 Risk and safety labelling according to the EU directives . 15 9.3 Transportation regulations and labelling . 16 9.4 Marking . 16 9.5 Storage . 16 Annex A (informative)
General information on granular activated carbon . 17 A.1 Origin . 17 A.2 Composition . 17 A.3 Hydraulic characteristics . 18 A.4 Use . 19 A.5 Rules for safe handling and use . 19 A.6 Emergency procedures . 20 Bibliography . 21 SIST EN 12915-1:2009
EN 12915-1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12915-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2009. This document supersedes EN 12915-1:2003. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard consists of two parts, Part 1 is concerned with virgin granular activated carbon and Part 2 gives requirements for reactivated granular activated carbon. Differences between this edition and EN 12915-1:2003 are editorial to harmonize the text with other standards in this series. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 12915-1:2009
EN 12915-1:2009 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. SIST EN 12915-1:2009
EN 12915-1:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This part of EN 12915 is applicable to virgin granular activated carbon used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of virgin granular activated carbon and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for virgin granular activated carbon. It gives information on its use in water treatment. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12901:1999, Products used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Inorganic supporting and filtering materials – Definitions EN 12902, Products used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Inorganic supporting and filtering materials - Methods of test EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12901:1999 and the following apply. 3.1 virgin activated carbon freshly manufactured activated carbon that has not been used and has not been reactivated 3.2 wettability ability of granular activated carbon to be wetted when in contact with water, determined by measuring the quantity of material that sinks in water under specified conditions 4 Description 4.1 Identification 4.1.1 Chemical name(s) Carbon. 4.1.2 Synonym or common names Virgin granular activated carbon, virgin activated coal, virgin activated charcoal, virgin active carbon. 4.1.3 Chemical formula C (elementary). SIST EN 12915-1:2009
EN 12915-1:2009 (E) 6 4.1.4 CAS Registry Number1) 7440-44-0. 4.1.5 EINECS reference2) 231-153-3. 4.2 Commercial forms Granular activated carbon is a granular product; by convention not less than a mass fraction of 90 % is retained on a 180 µm aperture test sieve (see 5.2). The product can be either shaped (moulded/extruded) or irregular (non-moulded), and is available in many grades, differing in adsorption characteristics, hardness, porosity, granulometry, shape and purity. 5 Physical properties 5.1 Appearance The commercial product consists of black, porous granules of irregular shape or, for moulded or extruded products, in forms such as uniform cylinders, pellets or spheres. 5.2 Particle size distribution 5.2.1 General The particle size distribution shall be determined on samples taken at the point of manufacture. The particle size distribution shall be within the manufacturer’s stated tolerance. NOTE 1 Different applications can require different particle size ranges. NOTE 2 The particle size can decrease during transportation and handling. 5.2.2 Irregular product The particle size distribution shall be described by either: a) effective size: (d10)
with a permitted tolerance of ± 5 %; uniformity coefficient: (U)
shall be less than 2,1; minimum size: (d1) with a permitted tolerance of ± 5 %; or: b) by particle size range and by mass of oversize and undersize particles according to application: the content of oversize plus undersize shall not exceed a mass fraction of 15 % and not more than a mass fraction of 5 % shall be undersize. NOTE Other values can be necessary for certain applications.
1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. SIST EN 12915-1:2009
EN 12915-1:2009 (E) 7 5.2.3 Moulded/extruded product Not more than a mass fraction of 3 % shall pass a test sieve with an aperture size as close as possible to 0,75 times the nominal particle diameter. 5.3 Wettability The wettability shall be greater than a mass fraction of 99 %. 5.4 Bulk density packed The bulk density packed shall be greater than or equal to 180 kg/m3. 5.5 Mechanical strength The ball-pan hardness shall be greater than 75. NOTE Products with a lower hardness are suitable for certain applications. 6 Chemical properties 6.1 General Granular activated carbon is manufactured by controlled oxidation (by means of steam or chemicals) from carbonaceous raw materials including coconut, wood, peat or coal. The raw materials shall be stated by the manufacturer. High internal porosity results in adsorptive properties and, depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process, it can have acid or basic properties. It is a reducing agent with catalytic properties. Activated carbon can react with oxidants to form carbon dioxide. The carbon content of the commercial product does not affect adsorption characteristics. 6.2 Purity criteria 6.2.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for virgin granular activated carbon used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, contents of other impurities and additives used in the products not stated in the product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 6.2.2 Impurities and main by-products The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. SIST EN 12915-1:2009
EN 12915-1:2009 (E) 8 Table 1 — Main impurities and by-products Impurity
Limita in mass fraction %
Ash max. 15 Waterb (at the time of packing)c max. 5 Water-soluble material max. 3 Zinc max. 0,002 a Expressed on a dry basis except for water content.
b Higher or lower values can be necessary for certain applications. c The water content can increase after packing; e.g. during transportation 6.2.3 Water-extractable substances The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 2. Table 2 — Water- extractable substances Substance
Limit in µg/l in the extraction water Arsenic (As) max. 10 Cadmium (Cd) max. 0,5 Chromium (Cr) max. 5 Mercury (Hg) max. 0,3 Nickel (Ni) max. 15 Lead (Pb) max. 5 Antimony (Sb) max. 3 Selenium (Se) max. 3 Cyanide (CN) max. 5 PAHa max. 0,02 a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons : the sum of the detected concentrations of fluoranthene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene. 7 Specific properties The iodine number of the granular activated carbon shall be not less than 600 mg/g. 8 Test methods 8.1 Sampling Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required by the relevant procedures described in EN 12902. 8.2 Analysis 8.2.1 Particle size distribution The particle size distribution shall be determined in accordance with EN 12902. SIST EN 12915-1:2009
EN 12915-1:2009 (E) 9 8.2.2 Wettability 8.2.2.1 Principle Immersion of the product in boiling water. Cooling, sedimentation and filtration of the supernatant through a sieve to determine the quantity of material that is not wetted. 8.2.2.2 Reagents All reagents shall be of a recognized analytical grade and the water used shall conform to grade 3 in accordance with EN ISO 3696. 8.2.2.3 Apparatus Ordinary laboratory apparatus and glassware together the following. 8.2.2.3.1 Drying oven capable of being controlled at (150 ± 5)°C. 8.2.2.3.2 Hotplate. 8.2.2.3.3 Wire cloth sieve, with an aperture size as close as possible to the nominal undersize of the granular activated carbon (for moulded/extruded products, 0,75 times the nominal particle diameter). 8.2.2.3.4 Balance having an accuracy of 0,1 g. 8.2.2.4 Procedure Take a test sample of approximately 500 ml of granular activated carbon, dry at (150 ± 5)°C, and weigh (m0). Bring 1 l of water to the boil in a 2 l glass beaker and add the granular activated carbon to the boiling water. Continue to boil for 10 min ± 30 s, swirling if necessary to remove carbon particles attached to the wall of the beaker. Remove from the hotplate (8.2.2.3.2) and cool to room temperature. Carefully decant the supernatant water (approximately 500 ml), including any suspended or floating particles. Filter the supernatant through the sieve (8.2.2.3.3), collect the particles retained on the sieve and dry to constant mass at (150 ± 5)°C (m1). 8.2.2.5 Expression of results The wettability, X1, expressed as a percentage mass fraction of product,
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