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SIST EN 931:2000+A2:2009
01-oktober-2009
6WURML]DL]GHODYRþHYOMHY6WURML]DQDWH]DQMHXVQMD9DUQRVWQH]DKWHYH
Footwear manufacturing machines - Lasting machines - Safety requirements
Maschinen zur Herstellung von Schuhen - Zwickmaschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Machines pour la fabrication de chaussures - Machines à monter - Préscriptions de
sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 931:1997+A2:2009
ICS:
61.060 Obuvala Footwear
SIST EN 931:2000+A2:2009 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 931:2000+A2:2009
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SIST EN 931:2000+A2:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 931:1997+A2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2009
ICS 61.060 Supersedes EN 931:1997
English Version
Footwear manufacturing machines - Lasting machines - Safety
requirements
Machines pour la fabrication de chaussures - Machines à Maschinen zur Herstellung von Schuhen - Zwickmaschinen
monter - Préscriptions de sécurité - Sicherheitsanforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 July 1997 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 16 August 2004, and
Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 16 July 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 931:1997+A2:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 931:2000+A2:2009
EN 931:1997+A2:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .5
3 Definitions .6
4 List of hazards .8
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 15
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 19
7 Information for use . 22
Annex A (normative) Stop and release control device . 25
Annex B (normative) Well tried components and principles: category 1 of 7.2 of EN 954-1:1996. 26
Annex C (informative) Bibliography . 27
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European standard addressing essential requirements or
other provisions of EU Directives . 32
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EN 931:1997+A2:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 931:1997+A2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 201 “Leather
and imitation leather goods and footwear manufacturing machinery - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held
by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 931:1997.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2004-08-16 and Amendment 2, approved by
CEN on 2009-07-16.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags
!" and # $.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
#For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.$
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EN 931:1997+A2:2009 (E)
Introduction
#This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.$
1 Scope
1.1 This standard is applicable to lasting machines used in the footwear manufacturing industry, namely:
Adhesive fore part lasting machines (see figure 1),
Hand operated adhesive side lasting machines (see figure 3 A),
Adhesive seat lasting machines (see figure 2),
Adhesive seat and side lasting machines (see figure 2),
Hand operated tack/staple side lasting machines (see figure 3B),
Tack seat lasting machines (see figure 2),
Tack seat and side thermocement lasting machines (see figure 2),
Tack heel seat and thermocent side lasting machines (see figure 2),
Tack heel seat and thermocent + tack side lasting machines (see figure 2).
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1.2 This standard does not apply to lasting machines which process granular thermocement.
1.3 This standard specifies requirements for safe design, construction and use of the machines. No specific
requirements are included for transport, commissioning and decommissioning. It takes account of intended
use, foreseeable misuse, component and system failure.
1.4 This standard covers all hazards relevant to the footwear manufacturing industry. The use of machines
within the scope of this standard in different industries may give rise to hazards which were not taken into
account at the time of its preparation.
1.5 #This document is not applicable to lasting machines which are manufactured before the date of its
publication as EN.$
2 Normative references
#The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.$
#deleted text$
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery — Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs
#deleted text$
#EN 547-1, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 1: Principles for determining the
dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery$
#EN 547-2, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 2: Principles for determining the
dimensions required for access openings$
#deleted text$
#EN 894-1, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators —Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators$
#EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery —Guards—General requirements for the design and construction of
fixed and movable guards$
#deleted text$
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components —
Hydraulics
EN 983:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components —
Pneumatics
#deleted text$
#EN 1005-2, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 2: Manual handling of machinery
and component parts of machinery$
#EN 1005-3, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended force limits for
machinery operation$
5
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#EN 1037, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up$
#deleted text$
#EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design
and selection$
!EN 12545:2000, Footwear, leather and imitation leather goods manufacturing machines — Noise test code
— Common requirements"
!deleted text"
!EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)"
#deleted text$
#EN ISO 12100–1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1:
Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)$
#EN ISO 12100–2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:
Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)$
#EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)$
#EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)$
#EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006)$
#EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005 (modified))$
#EN 60947-4-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters —
Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (IEC 60947-4-1:2000)$
#EN 60947-5-1, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching
elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003)$
#EN 61310-1, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for visual,
acoustic and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007)$
3 ##Terms and definitions$$
## $$
#For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the
following apply.$
3.1
pincer (see figure 1 zone 1 – figure 2 zone 2 – figure 3B zone 1)
device for gripping, pulling or holding the upper and/or lining
3.2
wiper (see figure 1 zone 2 – figure 2 zone 1)
an assembly used for moulding and attaching the upper and lining to the insole
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3.3
injector (see figure 1 zone 2 – figure 2 zone 1 and 3 – figure 3A zone 1)
device for applying cement onto the insole, upper or lining
3.4
lasting finger, lasting band, roll (see figure 2 zone 2 – figure 3A zone 1)
a tool for moulding and attaching the upper/lining edge to the insole
3.5
driver (see figure 2 zone 1 and 3 – figure 3B zone 1)
tacking hammer
3.6
heel band
heel seat moulding device
3.7
toe band (see figure 1 zone 2)
upper holding and moulding device in the toe area
3.8
side clamp (see figure 1 zone 2 – figure 2 zone 2)
device for holding the side upper/lining
3.9
toe pad (see figure 1 zone 2)
device for holding and pressing the last in the toe area against the wipers
3.10
heel rest (see figure 1 zone 3)
device for holding the back of the shoe last
3.11
wiper-head (see figure 1 zone 2)
support for the wiper assembly
3.12
jack post (see figure 2 zone 1)
shoe last support
3.13
sensor foot (see figure 2 zone 1)
device for aligning the shoe last with the wipers
3.14
toe holder (see figure 2 zone 4)
device for clamping the toe of the shoe last
3.15
driver clamp (see figure 3B zone 1)
device for guiding and supporting the driver
3.16
thermocement melting chamber (see figure 3A zone 1)
enclosure where thermocement is melted prior to application
3.17
working area
the zone of the machine which comprises:
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a) The area where lasting takes place by means of the wipers, pincers, side clamps, toe pads, jack post and
heel rest;
b) The loading area where the loading takes place;
c) The operator standing area.
3.18
stop and release control
device which stops the machine at any point in its cycle and returns the machine to rest
4 ####List of significant hazards$$$$
4.1 #This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are
dealt with in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.$
4.2 #The significant hazards at lasting machines are outlined in 4.3 to 4.9.$
The danger zones which give rise to mechanical hazards are illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3A, 3B. The figures are
informative only.
Table 1 — ##List of significant hazards$$
## $$
Danger zone or source of hazard Type of hazard Zone Figure/Machine
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4.3 Mechanical hazards
1 1 and 3B
4.3.1 Lasting area including
2 2
Crushing and/or
pincers,
shearing 2 1
1 2
wipers, wiper head,
"
2 1 and 2
side clamps,
"
2 2
toe pads, toe band, heel rest,
" 3 1
driver(s), driver clamp,
" 1 and 3 2 and 3B
sensor foot, jack post,
" 1 2
toe holder, " 4 2
shearing and 2 2
lasting finger, lasting band
entanglement 2 and 1 2 and 3A
Crushing and/or rolls
Impact and stabbing 1 and 3 2
4.3.2 Movements of injectors or
1 3B
drivers
Entanglement 2 2
4.3.3 Other movements within the
side lasting unit
Ejection of machine 1 3B
4.3.4 Driver clamp
parts
(continued)
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EN 931:1997+A2:2009 (E)
Key
A zone 1
B zone 2
C zone 3
1 toe pad
2 wipers - wiper head
3 heel rest
4 toe band
5 side lamps
6 injector
7 pincers
Figure 1 — Fore part lasting machine
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EN 931:1997+A2:2009 (E)
Key
A zone 1
B zone 2
C zone 3
D zone 4
1 driver
2 pincers
3 wipers
4 toe holder
5 jack post
6 drivers
7 sensor foot
8 injector
9 injectors
10 side clamps
lasting fingers
winding bands
rolls
Figure 2 — Seat lasting machine, seat and side lasting machine
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EN 931:1997+A2:2009 (E)
Key
A zone 1
1 TC melting chamber
2 rolls
3 injector
Figure 3A — TC side lasting machine
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Key
A zone 1
1 driver clamp
2 pincer
Figure 3B — Tack/Staple - Side lasting machine
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Table 1 — (continued)
Danger zone or source of hazard Type of hazard Zone Figure/Machine
4.4 Electrical hazard
Electrical contact, direct or indirect Electric shock, burns
caused by:
component failure,
insulation failure,
incorrect design, installation or
component specification of the
electrical equipment
Hearing loss or
4.5 Noise
interference with
communication and
Noise generated by:
acoustic signals
!Tinnitus,
the action of the tool on the
tiredness and
material or component being
stress"
worked,
hydraulic unit,
pneumatic equipment.
Health, risk of
4.6 Material and substances
occupational disease
emission
Fumes evolved as a result of
overheating thermocement
4.7 Thermal hazard
2 1
4.7.1 Accidental contact with hot
Burns 1 2
surfaces:
melting thermocement chamber,
1 3A
2 1
injector(s).
Burns 1 and 3 2
1 3A
1 and 3 2
4.7.2 Ejection of hot thermocement
1 3A
from the injector
(continued)
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Table 1 — (concluded)
Danger zone or source of hazard Type of hazard
4.8 Functional disorder
Burns, injury from hot
4.8.1 High pressure ejection of fluid
oil or tubing
or ejection of a part of a burst
hydraulic component
Hazards generated
4.8.2 Irregular energy supply
by inadvertent
movements and
process start-up,
Unexpected
4.8.3 Failure of control system
dangerous
(malfunction of interlocking devices)
movements
Unexpected
4.8.4 Errors of fitting
dangerous
movements
4.9 Neglect ergonomic
principles
Stress
Excessive efforts (production
rate too slow or too fast on
automatic machines
Fatigue
Bad working posture
Fatigue
Incompatibility of the machine
design with human anatomy in
the working area (for example
the height and size)
Fatigue
Poor control, layout and graphics
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
#Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not
significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
For hazards which are to be reduced by the application of a type B-standard such as EN 294, EN ISO 13850,
EN 547, EN 60204-1 etc., the manufacturer shall carry out a risk assessment to establish the requirements of
the B-standards which are to be applied.$
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5.2 Common requirements for all lasting machines
5.2.1 Mechanical equipment
5.2.1.1 With exception of the lasting area, the dangerous motions of drives and moving machinery parts
shall be safeguarded by fixed enclosing guards or fencing #that satisfy EN 953$.
Fencing shall be positioned in accordance with the distances given in tables 1, 3 or 4 of EN 294:1992.
5.2.1.2 Fixed enclosing guards and fencing shall be designed in such a manner that a tool is required for
fixing or removal #, in accordance with 3.2, 3.9 and 3.10 of EN 953:1997.$
#deleted text$
#Fixing systems of fixed guards and fixed covers shall remain attached to these parts or to the machine
when the parts are removed.$
5.2.2 Electrical equipment
5.2.2.1 Electrical systems and equipment shall be in accordance with #EN 60204-1$ and
#EN 60947-5-1$.
5.2.2.2 The operator controls and electrical controls which require adjustment for changing the working
process shall be located on the outside of the switch cabinets.
5.2.3 Noise
!The methodology for low-noise design given in EN ISO 11688-1 shall be followed. Possible noise
reduction measures at the design stage are:"
a) Reduction of vibration through the static and dynamic balancing of rotating parts;
b) Reduction of vibration within the machine by reducing both the mass of moving parts and their
acceleration;
c) Proper choice and design of transmission components (gears, pulleys, belts, bearings and so on);
d) Design of the machine structures taking into consideration vibration damping and avoidance of structural
resonance;
e) Fitting pneumatic silencers, vibration damping of hydraulic circuits;
This list of technical measures for noise reduction at the source is informative only and not meant to be
complete.
These measures are recommended but not compulsory. Alternative measures with identical or higher efficacy
can be used.
!NOTE EN ISO 11688-2 gives useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery.
The criterion for assessing the efficiency of these measures is the actual noise emission values from the
machines of the same family and not the nature of the reduction measures themselves."
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5.2.4 Material and substances emission
Lasting machines using thermocement shall have protection in the form of a thermal fuse or back-up
thermostat to ensure that thermocement temperature does not exceed 250˚ C to prevent excessive fumes due
to overheating.
5.2.5 Thermal protection
5.2.5.1 Hot surfaces which are not directly required for the working process and to which exposed persons
have access shall be safeguarded against accidental contact to prevent burn injury. This can be met by
covering the hot surfaces with insulating material or additional covers so that the temperature does not exceed
the minimum temperature of burn threshold indicated in #EN ISO 13732-1$.
Insulation materials shall not contain asbestos.
5.2.5.2 Lasting machines which use hot thermocement adhesive shall be provided with means to minimise
the risk of injury by ejection of hot adhesive. This shall be achieved by careful consideration of injector design,
pressure control, temperature control, physical guards, thermal fuses and back-up thermostats. At the time of
writing this standard it was recognised that it is not possible to completely eliminate the risk of injury.
5.2.6 Functional disorders
5.2.6.1 To prevent high pressure ejection of fluid or ejection of a burst part hydraulic and pneumatic
systems shall satisfy #4.10 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003, EN 982 and EN 983.$
5.2.6.2 Devices shall be fitted in accordance with #EN 1037$ which prevent uncontrolled dangerous
movements caused by irregularities, failure or unexpected reconnection of the power supply or when the
control circuit has been switched off.
5.2.6.3 Unless otherwise indicated in 5.3 safety related parts of the machine control system:
Shall have at least the same level of safety as the safeguarding used,
And
#Shall as a minimum comply with performance level "c" as defined in EN ISO 13849-1 and Annex B$
The use of a programmable electronic systems (PES) shall not reduce any level of safety laid down in this
standard. When a machine is fitted with a programmable electronic system, safety related functions shall not
rely solely on it. This requirement is met, by the use of:
An additional hardwired control system,
Or
Other provisions for redundancy.
5.2.7 Ergonomics
#The design shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN 547-1,
EN 547-2, EN 894-1, EN 1005-2 and EN 1005-3.$
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5.3 Requirements for specific machines
5.3.1 Forepart lasting machine
5.3.1.1 Zone 1
At the time of drafting this standard it was not considered practicable to provide physical safeguards for
the mechanical hazards in this danger zone. Therefore, the manufacturer shall provide adequate
information with the machine concerning the correct operation of the pincers.
#A stop and release control device in accordance with Annex A and EN ISO 13850 shall be designed
and arranged in such a manner that it can be actuated by treadle and/or knee. The related parts of the
control system shall comply with performance level "c" as defined in EN ISO 13849-1 and Annex B.$
5.3.1.2 Zone 2
#A stop and release control device in accordance with Annex A and EN ISO 13850 shall be designed
and arranged in such a manner that it can be actuated by treadle and/or knee. The related parts of the
control system shall comply with performance level "c" as defined in EN ISO 13849-1 and with Annex
B.$
5.3.1.3 Zone 3
When the heel meets an obstacle with a closing force exceeding 250 N it shall stop automatically and
shall cease to apply force.
#A stop and release control device in accordance with Annex A and EN ISO 13850 shall be designed
and arranged in such a manner that it can be actuated by treadle and/or knee. The related parts of the
control system shall comply with performance level "c" as defined in EN ISO 13849-1 and with Annex
B.$
5.3.2 Seat lasting, seat and side lasting machine
5.3.2.1 Zone 1
# A stop and release control device in accordance with Annex A and EN ISO 13850 shall be designed
and arranged in such a manner that it can be actuated by treadle and/or knee. Only for heel seat lasting
machines, this device can be replaced with push buttons on both sides. The related parts of the control
system shall comply with performance level "c" as defined in
EN ISO 13849-1 and with Annex B.$
The closing force arising between the sensor foot and jack post shall not exceed 250 N until the gap
between the sensor foot and the last is less than 8 mm.
5.3.2.2 Zone 2
At the time of drafting of this standard it was not considered practicable to provide physical safeguards
against the hazards in this danger zone. Therefore the manufacturer shall provide the user with adequate
information concerning safe use.
# A stop and release control device in accordance with Annex A and EN ISO 13850 shall be designed
and arranged in such a manner that it can be actuated by treadle and/or knee. Only for heel seat lasting
machines, this device can be replaced with push buttons on both sides. The related parts of the control
system shall comply with performance level "c" as defined in
EN ISO 13849-1 and with Annex B.$
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5.3.2.3 Zone 3
#A stop and release control device in accordance with Annex A and EN ISO 13850 shall be designed
and arranged in such a manner that it can be actuated by treadle and/or knee. Only for heel seat lasting
machines, this device can be replaced with push buttons on both sides. The related parts of the control
system shall comply with performance level "c" as defined in EN ISO 13849-1 and with Annex B.$
5.3.2.4 Zone 4
A stop and release control device to category 1 of EN 954-1:1996 and Annex B of this standard shall be
designed and arranged in such a manner that it can be actuated by treadle and/or knee control (or push
buttons on both sides for heel seat lasting machine only) which satisfies Annex A of this standard and
EN 418:1992.
#A stop and release control device in accordance with Annex A and EN ISO 13850 shall be designed
and arranged in such a manner that it can be actuated by treadle and/or knee. Only for heel seat lasting
machines, this device can be replaced with push buttons on both sides. The related parts of the control
system shall comply with performance level "c" as defined in
EN ISO 13849-1 and with Annex B.$
5.3.3 Hand operated side lasting machine
Zone 1
Thermocement injection or tack and staple nailing shall be controlled by a hold to run control treadle.
Release of the treadle shall return the machine to its rest condition.
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
Aspects of machine design and construction can be subject to verification by inspection, calculation and
testing and final verification shall be accomplished in a fully commissioned condition by checking
That all "A" and "B" standards referred to in clause 5 are interpreted correctly (#in particular
EN ISO 12100-1, EN ISO 12100-2, EN 294, EN ISO 13849-1 and EN 60204-1$);
#That the performance level of all safety related parts of the control system is correct;$
That particular specifications (e.g. velocities and forces) are within acceptable limits;
That all specified guards and safety devices are in place, effective and adequately dimensioned;
That adequate informa
...