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International
Standard
ISO 1817
Eighth edition
Rubber, vulcanized or
2024-03
thermoplastic — Determination of
the effect of liquids
Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique — Détermination de
l'action des liquides
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Apparatus . 1
4.1 General .1
4.2 Apparatus for method A .2
4.3 Apparatus for method B .3
4.4 Apparatus for method C .3
4.4.1 General .3
4.4.2 With air contact .4
4.4.3 Without air contact .4
4.5 Apparatus for method D . .5
4.6 Apparatus for method E .6
4.7 Additional equipment .7
5 Calibration . 7
6 Test liquids . 8
7 Test pieces . 9
7.1 Preparation .9
7.2 Dimensions .9
7.3 Time interval between vulcanization and testing.9
7.4 Conditioning.9
8 Immersion in the test liquid . 10
8.1 Temperature .10
8.2 Duration .10
9 Procedure .10
9.1 General .10
9.2 Replacement of test liquid .11
9.3 Change in mass .11
9.4 Change in volume . 12
9.5 Change in dimensions . 12
9.6 Change in surface area . 13
9.7 Change in hardness .14
9.8 Change in tensile stress-strain properties . 15
9.9 Testing with liquid on one surface only . 15
9.10 Determination of extractable matter .16
9.10.1 General .16
9.10.2 By weighing the dried test piece .16
9.10.3 By evaporating the test liquid .16
10 Precision . 16
11 Test report .16
Annex A (normative) Reference liquids .18
Annex B (normative) Calibration schedule .23
Annex C (informative) Precision .25
Bibliography .31
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee
SC 2, Testing and analysis.
This eighth edition cancels and replaces the seventh edition (ISO 1817:2022), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Clause 4: examples for methods A and C added;
— Clause 6: text added for metalworking fluids;
— 9.6: a method added to enable very short periods between taking the samples out of a liquid and
registration of the surface change by the use of photography.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The action of a liquid on vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber can generally result in:
a) absorption of the liquid by the rubber;
b) extraction of soluble constituents from the rubber;
c) a chemical reaction with the rubber.
The amount of absorption [a)] is usually larger than that of extraction [b)], so that the net result is an increase
in volume, commonly termed “swelling”. The absorption of liquid can profoundly alter physical and chemical
properties and hence change tensile strength, extensibility and hardness of the rubber, so it is important to
measure these properties after treatment of the rubber. The extraction of soluble constituents, especially
plasticizers and antidegradants can likewise alter the rubber's physical properties and chemical resistance
after drying (assuming the liquid to be volatile). Therefore, it is necessary to test these properties following
immersion and drying of the rubber. This document describes the
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