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Ref, No.: lSO/R 105/11= 1983 (E)
IS0
I NT E RN ATI 3 NA L O RG A N IZAT I O N FOR
STA NP AR D IZ AT1 O N
IS0 RECOMMENDATION
R 105/ll
TESTS FOR
COLOUR FASTNESS OF TEXTILES
SECOND SERIES
1st EDITION
March 1963
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 105/II, Tests for Colour Fastness of Textiles-Second
Series, was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, the Secretariat of which
is held by the British Standards Institution (B.S.I.).
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1954 and led, in 1956, to
the adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In January 1960, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 322) was circulated to all the
IS0 Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an
editorial nature, by the following Member Bodies :
Australia France Portugal
Belgium Germany Romania
Bulgaria Ireland Spain
Burma Italy Sweden
Chile Japan Switzerland
Colombia Netherlands Turkey
Denmark New Zealand United Kingdom
Three Member Bodies opposed the approval of the Draft:
Hungary, India, U.S.S.R.
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0
Council, which decided, in March 1963, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
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CONTENTS LIST
Part
Page
1 . Colour fastness to alkaline milling .
5-6
2 . Colour fastness to acid felting: severe .
7
3 . Colour fastness to acid felting: mild .
8
4 . Colour fastness to cross-dyeing: wool .
9-10
5 . Colour fastness to decatizing .
11-12
6 . Colour fastness to degumming .
13
Colour fastness to bleaching with sodium chlorite: mild
7 . . 14
Colour fastness to bleaching with sodium chlorite: severe .
8 . 15
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ISO/R 105/11- 1963 (E)
IS0 Recommendation R 102/11 March 1963
TESTS FOR
COLOUR FASTNESS OF TEXTILES
SECOND SERIES
Part 1
COLOUR FASTNESS TO ALKALINE MILLING
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
1.1
This method is intended for assessing the resistance of the colour of wool and part wool
textiles to the action of soap and sodium carbonate solutions used in alkaline milling.
2. PRINCIPLE
2.1
A specimen of the textile in contact with specified undyed cloths is milled in a jar con-
taining stainless steel balls and a solution of soap and sodium carbonate. The severity of
the action is standardized by means of a test-control dyeing milled in the same way. The
change in colour of the specimen and the staining of undyed cloths are assessed with
standard grey scales.
3. APPARATUS AND REAGENTS
3.1
Suitable container with means of agitation.*
3.2 Non-corrodible (stainless) steel balls, 6 mm in diameter.
3.3 Two undyed cloths, each 10 cm x 4 cm, one piece made of the same kind of fibre as that
of the textile to be tested or that predominating in the case of blends, and the second made
of the fibre indicated in the table below or of another fibre to be assessed for staining.
If first piece is: Second piece to be:
cotton wool
wool cotton
wool
linen
wool
viscose
wool
acetate
wool
polyamide
polyester wool
wool
polyacrylic
0.3 per cent maximum
Free alkali, calculated as Na,CO,
0.1 per cent maximum
Free alkali, calculated as NaOH
85 per cent minimum
Total fatty matter
30 "C maximum
Titre of mixed fatty acids prepared from the soap
50 maximum
Iodine value
I
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ISO/R 105/11- 1963 (E)
3.6 Grey scales for assessing change in colour and staining of undyed cloths.*
4. SPECIMEN
4.1
If the textile to be tested is fabric, place a 10 cm x 4 cm specimen of it between the two
pieces of undyed cloth (see clause 3.3) and stitch them together along all four sides to
form a composite specimen. In addition, sew parallel stitches in straight lines at intervals
of approximately 1 cm.
4.2 If the textile to be tested is yarn, knit it into fabric or form a layer of parallel lengths of
it and prepare a composite specimen as in clause 4.1.
4.3 If the textile to be tested is loose fibre, comb and compress an amount weighing approxi-
mately half the combined weight of the undyed cloths. Lay the bulk fibre evenly between
the two undyed cloths and sew the layers together by stitching in one direction at intervals
of approximately 1 cm.
4.4 Prepare a composite test-control specimen from the test control (see clause 3.9, in the way
that the composite specimen was prepared (see clause 4.1).
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 Carry out the operations described in clauses 5.2 to 5.4 inclusive with the composite
specimen and the composite test-control specimen, in parallel, in separate baths.
5.2 Put the composite specimen and the composite test-control specimen in separate containers
in the machine (see clause 3. l), each with three times its own weight of the milling solution
(see clause 3.4) and 50 of the stainless steel balls. Run the machine for two hours at
40 f 2 "C (104 f 4 OF).
5.3 Add sufficient distilled water at 40 f 2 "C (104 f 4 OF) to give a liquor ratio of 100:1, and
run the machine for an additional 10 minutes.
Remove the composite specimens, rinse twice in cold distilled water, rinse 10 minutes in
5.4
cold running water, separate the specimens from the undyed cloths, and dry them at a
temperature not exceeding 60 OC (140 O F).
5.5 Assess the change in colour of the test control and the staining of undyed cloths with the
appropriate grey scales.
If the change in colour and staining are not equal to rating 3 on the appropriate grey
scales, the test has not been carried out correctly, and the operations described in clauses 5.1
to 5.4 should be repeated with a fresh composite specimen and a fresh composite test-
control specimen.
5.6 Assess the change in colour of the specimen and the staining of the undyed cloths with
the grey scales.*
6. REPORT
Report the numerical ratings for change in colour of the specimen and for staining of
6.1
each kind of undyed fibre tested.
7. NOTE
7.1 Test control. A well wetted-out pattern of wool serge is entered at 40 "C (104 OF) into a
dye-bath containing 3 per cent Disulphine Blue ANS **, 10 per cent sodium sulphate
crystals (NagS04 10H20) and 3 per cent sulphuric acid (density 1.84 g/cm3), all percentages
being calculated on the mass of the wool, at a liquor ratio of 40 : 1. The dye-bath is raised
to the boil in 30 minutes and boiled for 45 minutes. The pattern is removed, rinsed and dried.
* See IS0 Recommendation R 105/1, Tests for Colour Fastness of Textiles (First Series) :
Part 1 : " General principles of testing ".
Part 2: " Grey scale for assessing change i; colour ",
Part 3: " Grey scale for assessing staining .
** Colour Index, 2nd edition, Acid Blue 7.
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ISO/R 105/11- 1963 (E)
Part 2
COLOUR FASTNESS TO ACID FELTING: SEVERE
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
1.1 This method is intended for assessing the resistance of the colour of textiles in all forms
to the action of acids, as used under severe conditions in the acid-felting process.
2. PRINCIPLE
2.1 A specimen of the textile in contact with undyed cloths is treated in solutions of acetic
acid and sulphuric acid, rinsed and dried. The change in colour of the specimen and the
staining of the undyed cloths are assessed with standard grey scales.
3. APPARATUS AND REAGENTS
3.1 Solution containing 1 ml concentrated sulphuric acid (density 1.84 g/cm8) per litre.
3.2 Solution containing 5 ml acetic aid (30 per cent) per litre.
3.3 Two undyed cloths, each 10 cm x 4 cm, one piece made of wool and the other made of
wool or of another fibre to be assessed for staining, as desired. They should be of plain
construction and unsized.
3.4 Standard grey scales.*
4. SPECIMEN
4.1 If the textile to be tested is fabric, place a 10 cm x 4 cm specimen of it between the two
pieces of undyed cloth (see clause 3.3) and stitch them together along all four sides to
form a composite specimen.
4.2 If the textile to be tested is yarn, knit it into fabric or form a layer of parallel lengths of
it and prepare a composite specimen as in clause 4.1.
4.3 If the textile to be tested is loose fibre, comb and compress an amount weighing approxi-
mately half the combined weight of the undyed cloths (see clause 3.3) so as to obtain a layer
10 cm x 4 cm. Prepare a composite specimen of it as in clause 4.1.
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 Test the composite specimen in accordance with clauses 5.2 to 5.4 inclusive with sulphuric
acid (see clause 3.1) and acetic acid (see clause 3.2) as separate tests or with only one of
these reagents, as required. The liquor ratio in both cases is 40 : 1.
5.2 Bring the test solution to 90 f 2 OC (194 f 4 OF). Immerse the specimen in the solution
for 30 minutes, maintaining this temperature.
5.3 Rinse the milled composite specimen for 10 minutes in cold running water and drain it.
Open out the specimen by breaking the stitching on three sides and dry it in air at a
temperature not exceeding 60 OC (140 OF), without allowing the composite parts to come
into contact other than at the remaining stitching.
5.4 Assess the change in colour of the specimen and the staining of the undyed cloths with
the grey scales.*
6. REPORT
6.1
Report, for each reagent used, the numerical ratings for change in colour of the specimen
and for staining of the undyed cloths.
*
See IS0 Recommendation R 105/I, Tests for Colour Fastness of Textiles (First Series) :
Part 1 : " General principles of testing ",
Part 2: " Grey scale for assessing change iz colour ",
Part 3 : " Grey scale for assessing staining .
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ISO/R 105/11 .I 1983 (E)
Part 3
COLOUR FASTNESS TO ACID FELTING: MILD
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
1.1
This method is intended for assessing the resistance of the colour of textiles to the action
of diluted and hot mineral acids, as used under mild felting conditions in the hat-making
and felt industries.
2. PRINCIPLE
2.1
A specimen of the textile in contact with undyed cloths is milled in acid solution, rinsed
and dried. The change in colour of the specimen and the staining of the undyed cloths are
assessed with standard grey scales.
3. APPARATUS AND REAGENTS
3.1 A suitable receptacle and a glass rod, flattened at one end, or appropriate mechanical
apparatus (see clause 5.2 below).
3.2
Solution containing 1 ml concentrated sulphuric acid (density 1.84 g/cm3) per litre.
3.3 Two undyed cloths, each 10 cm x 4 cm, one piece made of wool and the other made of
wool or of another fibre to be assessed for staining, as desired. They should be of plain
construction and unsized.
3.4 Standard grey scales.*
4. SPECIMEN
4.1 If the textile to be tested is fabric, place a 10 cm x 4 cm specimen of it between the two
pieces of undyed cloth (see clause 3.3) and stitch them together along all four sides to
form a composite specimen.
4.2 If the textile to be tested is yarn, knit it into fabric or form a layer of parallel lengths of it
and prepare a composite specimen as in clause 4.1.
4.3 If the textile to be tested is loose fibre, comb and compress an amount weighing approxi-
mately half the combined weight of the undyed cloths (see clause 3.3) so as to obtain a layer
10 cm x 4 cm. Prepare a composite specimen of it as in clause 4.1.
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 Mill the composite specimen in the sulphuric acid solution (see clause 3.2) at a temperature
of 60 f 2 "C (140 f 4 OF) for a period of 1 hour. The liquor ratio is 40 : 1.
5.2 If possible, use a mechanical milling device set to give results identical with those of the
hand test.
5.3 When milling by hand, move the composite specimen about continuously with the glass
rod while it is in the milling bath and press it with the rod every 2 minutes, without removal
from the bath.
Rinse the milled composite specimen for 10 minutes in cold running water and drain it.
5.4
Open out the specimen by breaking the stitching on three sides and dry it in air at a
temperature not exceeding 60 OC (140 OF), without allowing the composite parts to come
into contact other than at the remaining stitching.
5.5 Assess the change in colour of the specimen and staining of the undyed cloths with the
grey scales.*
6. REPORT
6.1 Report the numerical ratings for change in colour of the specimen and for staining of the
undyed cloths.
*
See IS0 Recommendation R 105/I, Tests for Colour Fastness of Textiles (First Series) :
Part 1 : " General principles of testing ",
Part 2: '' Grey scale for assessing change i; colour ",
Part 3 : " Grey scale for assessing staining .
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lSO/R 105/11 - 1963 (E)
~
Part 4
COLOUR FASTNESS TO CROSS-DYEING : WOOL
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
1.1 This method is intended for assessing the resistance of the colour of textiles to the action
of processes used for dyeing wool.
2. PRINCIPLE
2.1
Specimens of the textile in contact with specified undyed cloths are treated in different
types of wool dye-bath, but without any dyestaff. The specimens are then rinsed and dried.
The change in colour of the specimen and the staining of undyed cloths are assessed by
standard grey scales.
3. APPARATUS AND REAGENTS
3.1
Suitable dye vessels.
3.2 Acetic acid solution (30 per cent).
3.3 Sulphuric acid (density 1.84 g/cm3).
3.4 Sodium sulphate crystals (Na2S04. 10H,O).
3.5 Potassium dichromate (K,Cr,O,).
3.6 Ten undyed cloths, each 10 cm x 4 cm, five pieces made of the same kind of fibre as that
of the textile to be tested or that predominating in the case of blends, and five made of
the fibre indicated in the table below or as otherwise specified.
If the first piece is: I Second piece to be:
cotton wool
wool cotton
silk wool
linen wool
viscose wool
acetate wool
polyamide wool
polyester wool
~~
3.7 Standard grey scales.*
4. SPECIMEN
4.1 If the textile to be tested is fabric, place a 10 cm x 4 cm specimen of it between the two
pieces of undyed cloth (see clause 3.6), and stitch them together along all four sides to
form a composite specimen.
If the textile to be tested is yarn, knit it into fabric or form a layer of parallel lengths
4.2
of it, and prepare a composite specimen as in clause 4.1.
4.3 If the textile to be tested is loose fibre, comb and compress an amount weighing approxi-
mately half the combined weight of the undyed cloths (see clause 3.6), so as to obtain a
layer 10 cm x 4 cm. Prepare a composite specimen of it as in clause 4.1.
4.4 Prepare five composite specimens in the manner described.
*
See IS0 Recommendation R 105/I. Tests for Colour Fastness of Textiles (First Series) :
Part 1 : '' General principles of testing ",
Part 2: '' Grey scale for assessing change it! colour ",
Part 3: " Grey scale for assessing staining .
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ISO/R 105/11 - 1963 (E)
5. PROCEDURE
5.1
Carry out the operations described in clauses 5.2 to 5.8 inclusive, using a liquor ratio
of 50 : 1. The liquor ratio and the percentages of reagents in the baths are based upon the
mass of the composite specimen.
5.2 Neutral cross-dyeing. Place one composite specimen in a bath containing 20 per cent
sodium sulphate crystals. Raise the temperature to 98 & 2 "C (208 f 4°F) in 30 minutes,
and maintain this temperature for 90 minutes.
5.3 Acetic acid cross-dyeing. Place one composite specimen in a bath containing 5 per cent
of th
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