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IS0
I NT ERN AT I ON AL O RG A N I Z AT I O N FOR STA N DA RD I2 AT I ON
I SO R E CO M M E N DATI O N
R 403
BRINELL HARDNESS TEST
FOR COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
1st EDITION
November 1964
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized &herefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 403, Brinell Hardness Test for Copper and Copper Alloys,
was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 26, Copper and Copper Alloys, the Secre-
tariat of which is held by the Deutscher Normenausschuss (DNA).
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1958 and led, in 1961,
to the adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In February 1962, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 501) was circulated to all the
IS0 Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved by the following Member Bodies:
Australia Germany Republic of South Africa
Bulgaria India Spain
Burma Italy Sweden
Japan Switzerland
Canada
Netherlands Turkey
Denmark
Finland Poland United Kingdom
France Portugal Yugoslavia
Three Member Bodies opposed the approval of the Draft:
Belgium
U.S.A.
U.S.S.R.
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0
Council, which decided, in November 1964, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
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IS0 / R 403 - 1964 (E)
IS0 Recommendation R 403 N overn ber 1964
BRINELL HARDNESS TEST
FOR COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
1. PRINCTPLE OF TEST
The test consists in forcing a steel ball of diameter D, under a load F, into the test piece and
measuring the diameter d of the indentation left in the surface after removal of the load.
The Brinell hardness HB is the ratio of the test load F (expressed in kilogrammes-force) to the
curved surface area (expressed in square millimetres) of the indentation which is assumed to be
spherical and of diameter D.
The test is carried out at ambient temperature, unless otherwise specified.
2. SYMBOLS AND DESIGNATIONS
Designation
Number Symbol
D Diameter of the ball, in millimetres
1' Test load, in kilogrammes-force
Diameter of indentation, in millimetres
d
HB Brinell hardness
test load in kgf
- -
surface area of indentation in mm2
2F
- -
T D (D - 1/DFL$)
Depth of indentation, in millimetres
h
F
- -
PDxHB
Nom
The Brinell hardness is denoted by the symbol HB supplemented by an index indicating the test conditions in the
order :
diameter of bail.
load,
duration of loading.
Example: HB 10/500/15 = Brinell hardness
measured with a ball of 10 mm diameter and with a load of 500 kgf applied for
15 seconds.
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IS0 / R 403 - 1964 (E)
3. TESTING EQUIPMENT
3.1 The diameter and tolerances of the approved ball should be:
Diameter of baii Tolerance *
millimetres ! millimetres
I
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10 f 0.0045
5 f 0.0040
2.5 f 0.0035
2 50.0035
1 & 0.0035
I I
3.2 The ball is of hardened and tempered steel** having a hardness of at least 850 HV (taking
into account the curvature of the ball, when testing); it should be polished and free from
surface defects. The indenter should be examined regularly for damage or defects and re-
placed whenever these are found. The result of any test found to have been made with a
damaged or distorted ball should be discarded.
3.3 2.5 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm diameter balls should not be used for cast material
...