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I N TERN AT1 O N A L ORGAN 1 Z AT1 O N FO R STA N DARD I2 AT1 ON
IS0 RECOMMENDATION
R 431
SPECIFICATION FOR ELECTROLYTIC COPPER WIRE BARS,
CAKES, SLABS, BILLETS, INGOTS AND INGOT BARS
1st EDITION
March 1965
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 431, SpeciJication .for Electrolyric Copper wire Bars, Cakes,
Slabs, Billets, Ingots and Ingot Bars, was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 26, Copper
and Copper Alloys, the Secretariat of which is held by the Deutscher Normenausschuss (DNA).
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1959 and led, in 1960, to the
adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In September 1962, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 530) was circulated to all the
IS0 Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an editorial
nature, by the following Member Bodies :
Australia Greece Spain
Belgium India Sweden
Burma Italy Switzerland
Canada Japan Turkey
Chile Netherlands U.A.R.
Denmark Poland United Kingdom
Finland Portugal U.S.A.
France Rep. of South Africa U.S.S.R.
Germany Rom ani a Yugoslavia
No member Body opposed the approval of the Draft.
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0 Council,
which decided, in March 1965, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
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I
ISO/R 431 - 1965 (E)
IS0 Recommendation R 431 March 1965
SPECIFICATION FOR ELECTROLYTIC COPPER WIRE BARS,
CAKES, SLABS, BILLETS, INGOTS AND INGOT BARS
1. SCOPE
This IS0 Recommendation is intended as a specification covering electrolytic copper wire bars,
cakes, slabs, billets, ingots and ingot bars.
NOTE. - Copper under this specification corresponds to the designation “ETP”, as shown in
IS0 Recommendation R 197, Classijîcation of Coppers.
2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
The copper in all shapes should have a minimum purity of 99.90 per cent, silver being counted
as copper.
NOTE. - By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the addition of silver up
to 0.1 per cent will be considered within the specification, silver being counted as copper in the
chemical analysis.
3. CHEMICAL, ANALYSIS
NOTE. - Upon development of the IS0 Recommendation* on electrolytical determination of
copper, giving an internationally acceptable method of chemical analysis, it is desired to include
a provision that analysis for determining minimum purity of the copper should be made in
accordance with that method.
4. RESISTIVITY
The copper should have a resistivity in ohm. gramme per square metre (a. g/m2), at a tempera-
ture of 20 OC (68 OF) (annealed), not exceeding the following values:
TABLE 1
.
Values of copper resistivity
Resistivity
Form of copper USe
Q g/m2
Wire bars O. 153 28
for electrical use (when specified
[ on order)
Cakes, slabs and billets 0.153 28
other uses
0.156 94
Ingots and ingot bars O. 156 94
NOTE. - These values refer to mass resistivity. For conversion to volume resistivity, the density should be
taken as 8.89 g/cm3. The value of 0.153 28 n.g/m2 at 20 “C (68 OF) is the international annealed copper standard
value for the resistivity of annealed copper equal to 100 per cent conductivity, as defined by the international
Annealed Copper Specification. Other resistivity-conductivity relationships are listed in Table 2, page 6.
* At present at the stage of Draft proposal.
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ISO/R 431 - 1965 (E)
TABLE 2
Equivalent values for conductivity and resistivity for copper at 20 "C (68 OF)
Units
Quantities Values
IACS 100.00 per cent
Conductivity
m
siemens* - 58.00
mm2
circular mil
10.371
ohm
ft
mm2
0.017 241
ohm ~
m
Volume resistivity
i n2
microhm 0.678 79
in
cm2
microhm - 1.724 1
cm
Ib
- 875.20
ohm
mile2
Mass resistivity
g
ohm - O. 153 28
m2
1
* 1 siemens = -
ohm
5. RESISTIVITY TEST
Samples for the resistivity test should be hot-rolled and cold-drawn into wire approximately
2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter, which should be annealed at approximately 500°C (932°F) for a
minimum time of one half hour.
6. PHYSICAL DEFECTS
Wire bars, cakes, slabs and billets should be substantially free from shrink holes, cold sets, pits,
sloppy edges, concave tops and other similar defects in set or casting. This requirement should
not apply to ingots or ingot bars, in which physical defects are of minor consequence.
7. SIZES AND SHAPES OF WIRE BARS
One size of mould should be used for casting 90 to 105 kg (200 to 230 Ib) wire bars, the bottom
width of this bar to be 89 mm (31/2 in), the nominal masses being 90 and 102 kg (200 and 225 Ib)
(see Fig. 1, page 8).
One size of mould should be used for casting 109 to 136 kg (240 to 300 lb) wire bars, the bottom
width of this bar to be 102 mm (4 in), the nominal masses being 11 3, 125 and 136 kg (250,275 and
300 lb) (see Fig. 2, page 9).
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ISO/R 431 - 1965 (E)
All bars should be I372 mm (54 in) in length. The side draft or taper should be 9.5 mm (3/8 in)
in 102 mm (4 in); i.e., 4.8 mm (3/16 in) in 102 mm (4 in) on each side of the bar. The radius of
the corners at the bottom of the bars should be 16 mm (5/8 in). The end taper at the bottom
should be 152 mm (6 in) in over-all length and approximately 51 mm per 305 mm (2 in/ft). The
end taper of the side should be approximately 57 mm per 305 mm (2 1/4 in/ft) and the end of
the bar should be approximately 86 mm (3 3/8 in) in depth at the point.
8. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN MASS AND DIMENSIONS
A permissible variation of & 5 per cent in mass or & 6 mm (1/4 in) in any dimensions from the
manufacturer’s published list or the purchaser’s specified size should be considered good deli
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