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IS0
IN TERN AT I ON AL ORGAN IZAT 1 ON FOR STAND AR D IZATIO N
IS0 RECOMMENDATION
.
R 834
FIRE RESISTANCE TESTS OF STRUCTURES
1st EDITION
September 1968
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 834, Fire resistance tests of structures, was drawn up by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire tests on building materials and structures, the Secretariat of which is
held by the British Standards Institution (BSI).
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1961 and led, in 1965, to the
adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In December 1966, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 1060) was circulated to all the IS0
Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an editorial nature,
by the following Member Bodies :
Romania
Australia Germany
South Africa, Rep. of
Austria Greece
Belgium Hungary Spain
Brazil India Sweden
Canada Iran Switzerland
Chile Israel U.A.R.
Czechoslovakia Japan United Kingdom
Denmark Korea, Rep. of U.S.S.R.
Finland Netherlands
Poland
France
One Member Body opposed the approval of the Draft
Norway
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0 Council,
which decided, in September 1968, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
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ISO/R 834-1968 (E)
CONTENTS
Page
1 . Scope .
5
2 . Field of application . 5
3 . Apparatus .
3.1 Furnace .
3.2 Standard heating conditions .
3.3 Measurement of furnace temperature .
3.4 Tolerances for furnace temperatures .
Preparation of test specimens .
4 .
4.1 Dimensions of test specimens .
L
4.2 Construction of test specimens .
4.3 Conditioning of test specimens .
5 . Procedure . . 8
5.1 Conditions of test . . 8
5.1.1 Restraint and loading . . 8
5.1.2 Exposure in furnace . .
................. 9
5.2 Observations during test . . .
9
5.2.1 Stability . .
9
5.2.2 Integrity . .
9
5.2.3 Insulation .
................. 9
5.2.4 Additional observations .
10
5.3 Duration of test . .
10
6 . Expression of results .
10
6.1 Fire resistance .
10
L
6.2 Criteria of fire resistance .
11
6.2.1 Stability .
11
6.2.2 Integrity .
11
6.2.3 Insulation .
11
7 . Testreport .
11
ILLUSTRATION
Standard time-temperature curve .
6
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ISO/R 834-1968 (E)
IS0 Recommendation R 834 September 1968
FIRE RESISTANCE TESTS OF STRUCTURES
1. SCOPE
This IS0 Recommendation specifies standard heating conditions, methods of test and criteria for
the determination of the fire resistance of elements of structure of different categories.
The test provides for the determination of fire resistance of elements of structure on the basis of
the length of time for which the test specimens, of specified dimensions, satisfy the criteria laid down
under the prescribed test conditions.
2. FIELD OF APPLICATION
This test is intended to determine the fire resistance of the following elements of structure :
-
loadbearing and non-loadbearing walls, partitions,
- columns,
- beams,
- floors,
- flat roofs (where appropriate).
This list is not exhaustive. Elements which fall into none of these categories may be tested by
analogy with a similar element.
Doors, shutters and glazing will be the subject of separate IS0 Recommendations.
3. APPARATUS
3.1 Furnace
The furnace should be capable of subjecting a specimen element to the standard heating
conditions specified below.
3.2 Standard heating conditions
3.2.1 The temperature within the furnace should be controlled so as to vary with time within the
limits specified in clause 3.4 according to the following relationship :
T - To = 345 log, (8 t + 1)
where
t is the time, expressed in minutes;
T is the furnace temperature at time t, expressed in degrees Celsius;
is the initial furnace temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius.
To
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ISO/R 834-1968 (E)
1
2200-
2000-
1800-
4
Pp
’D
.s
1600-
5
‘B
E
1400- 2
3
E
. .s
f
1200- 6
I O00 -
O 30 60 90 I20 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Time in minutes
FIGURE - Standard time-temperature curve
3.2.2 The curve representing the function described in clause 3.2.1 is named the “standard time-
temperature curve’’ (see Figure above).
The relationship expressed in clause 3.2.1 gives the values shown in the Table below.
TABLE - Temperature rise as a function of time
Time t
Elevation of furnace temperature
in
T- To
minutes
degC
degF
5 556
033
10 659
218
15 718
325
30
82 1 5 10
60 925
697
90 986
1807
120
1029
1886
180
1090 1994
240 1133
2072
360 1193
2180
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ISO/R 834-1968 (E
3.3 Measurement of fumace temperature
3.3.1 The furnace temperature is deemed to be the average of the temperatures recorded by
thermocouples, symmetrically arranged within the furnace to give an approximation of its
average temperature.
3.3.2 These thermocouples should not be fewer than
-
one to each 1.5 m' (16.1 ft') of surface for walls and floors;
-
one to each 1 m (3 ft 3 i in) of length for beams;
-
two to each 1 m (3 ft 3 in) of height for columns.
3.3.3 Bare wire thermocouples not less than 0.75 mm (0.03 in) in diameter should be arranged so
that the hot junction is 100 mm (4 in) from the nearest point of the test specimen. This
distance should be kept as constant as possible during the test.
The wires of the thermocouples should be placed in open tubes of heat-resisting material,
for example porcelain, within 25 mm (1 in) of the hot junction.
3.4 Tolerances for furnace temperatures
The accuracy of the temperature control should be such as to satisfy the following two sets
of tolerances for furnace temperatures :
3.4.1 Tolerances for mean deviation. The mean deviation of the furnace temperature as a percent-
age is given by the following expression :
jBX A-B 1001
where
A is the integral value of the average furnace temperature as a function of time,
B
is the integral value of the function specified in clause 3.2.1.
The tolerances on the mean deviations are as follows :
(1) f 15 during the first 10 minutes of test;
(2) f 10 during the first half-hour of test;
(3) f 5 after the first half-hour of test.
3.4.2 Tolerances for single average values. At any time after th first 10 minutes of test, the
average furnace temperature should not differ from the corresponding temperature of the
standard time-temperature curve by more than * 100 degC (180 degF), even for combus-
tible materials.
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ISO/R 834-1%8 (E
4. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS
4.1 Dimensions of test specimens
4.1.1 The test specimens should be full size wherever possible.
4.1.2 Where this is not possible, the following minimum dimensions of the parts of a test specimen
exposed in the furnace are recommended :
-
Walls and partitions : height 2.5 m ( 8 ft 2 $ in)
width 2 m( 6 ft 6: in)
- Floors : span 4 m(13ft i$in)
width 2 m( 6 ft 6 $ in)
- Beams: span 4 m(i3ft i $in)
- Column height 3 m ( 9 ft 10 in)
4.2 Construction of test specimens
4.2.1 The test should be made on a test specimen representative of a complete element of structure.
For example, a partition should include at least one of each representative type of joint
(see also clause 5.2.3.1). The methods of fixing and supporting the components and the
finishes used should be as in service.
4.2.2 The materials and standard of workmanship of the test specimen should be representative
of those applying in good practice, as defined by existing national codes and standards.
4.3 Conditioning of test specimens
The test specimen should be conditioned in such a way that it corresponds as closely as
possible, in moisture content and mechanical strength, to the expected state of a similar
element in service.
4.3.1 Moisture content. The test specimen should not be tested until its moisture content is in
equilibrium with an ambient atmosphere approximating to that expected in service. This
equilibrium may be checked either on the test specimen itself or on a representative sample.
The dryin
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