|
IS0
I NT ERN AT1 ON A L O RG A N IZ AT1 O N FOR STA N DA RD IZATIO N
IS0 RECOMMENDATION
R 801
PU LPS
DETERMINATION OF SALEABLE MASS, IN LOTS,
OF PULP BALED IN SHEET FORM
1st EDITION
A u g u st 1 968
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of EO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 801, Pulps - Determination of saleable mass, in lots, of pulp
baled in sheet form, was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, the
Secretariat of which is held by the Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR).
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1963 and led, in 1965, to the
adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In March 1966, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 894) was circulated to ail the IS0
Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an editorial nature, by
the following Member Bodies :
Argentina Spain
Iran
Australia Sweden
Israel
Bulgaria Switzerland
Italy
Chile Japan Turkey
Cuba Korea, Rep. of U.A.R.
Czechoslovakia United Kingdom
Netherlands
Denmark New Zealand U.S.S.R.
Finland Yugoslavia
Norway
France
Poland
Hungary Romania
India South Africa, Rep. of
Six Member Bodies opposed the approval of the Draft,
Belgium Mexico
Canada Portugal
Germany
U.S.A.
-
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0 Council,
which decided, in August 1968, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
-2-
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/R 801-1968 (I
August 1968
IS0 Recommendation R 801
PU LPS
DETERMINATION OF SALEABLE MASS, IN LOTS,
OF PULP BALED IN SHEET FORM
1. SCOPE
This IS0 Recommendation describes a method for determining the dryness of a lot of pulp baled
in sheet form and for calculating its saleable mass.
This method applies to all kinds of pulp baled in sheet form.
2. TERMINOLOGY
For the purposes of this IS0 Recommendation, the following definitions apply:
Lot. The total number of bales of the same sort of pulp of specific characteristics.
2.1
The number of bales comprising a lot is indicated by the invoice or by agreement Aween the
contracting parties.
A lot of bales of pulp is said to be “with specification” if it is accompanied by a certificate of
origin stating for each baie either
- its gross mass and its absolute dryness,
or
- its saleable mass.
2.2 Gross mass. The total mass of a bale, a part of a lot or a lot comprising
- contents,
- wrappers (pulp - paper),
- packaging wires or strappings.
2.3 Oven-dry mass. The mass obtained on drying pulp at a temperature of 103 f 2 OC, until constant
mass is reached.
2.4 Absolute dryness. The ratio of ovendry mass of pulp to its initial mass; it is expressed as a
percentage.
2.5 Air-dry mass. The mass of the pulp when its moisture content is in equilibrium with the ambient
atmosphere.
Commercial dryness. Commercially a conventional equilibrium value has been accepted which
2.6
is the commercial dryness.
It is 88 or 90 according to the country and/or commercial agreements.*
If the air dryness is 90 Ob, the pulp contains ninety parts of absolutely dry fibres and ten parts of water. For an
air dryness of 88 Ob, the corresponding figurer are eighty-eight and twelve. All parts are by mass.
-3-
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/R 801 -1968 (I
2.7 Saleable mass. The gross mass multiplied by the absolute dryness, divided by the commercial
dryness. Usually it approximates to air-dry mass.
2.8 Invoiced mass. The saleable mass indicated by the vendor on the invoice.
3. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD
From the lot, a number of sample bales is taken in accordance with a sliding scale, which is a function
of the total number of bales in the complete lot. These sample bales are weighed* and collected in
groups of six bales.
Five specimen sheets are selected from each sample bale under defined conditions.
From each specimen sheet a test piece is cut in the form of a triangle, as indicated in section 6.
The test pieces are weighed and dried to constant mass to determine their oven-dry mass.
The saleable mass of the lot is then deduced.
4. APPARATUS
4.1 Scale, suitable for weighing the bales, the accuracy of which is at least l/lOOO.
4.2 Balance, of suitable sensitivity, such that it will weigh the test pieces accurately to at least
1 / 5000.
4.3 Equipment for marking the position of the specimen sheets to be selected (see Annex B) and
the test pieces in these sheets, as well as cutting them.
4.4 Equipment, for storing at least thirty test pieces to prevent them from gaining or losing
mass before weighing.
4.5 Drying oven, with good ventilation and capable of being controlled at a temperature of
103 ? 2 OC.
5. SAMPLE BALES
All the sample bales should be representative of the lot and for this purpose, so far as possible, these
bales should be selected at random from all parts of the lot. In the absence of any other agreement
between the parties, the available part of the lot to be examined should not be less than half the
complete lot at the time of examination.
If the bales have identification numbers relating to several series, the sample bales should be selected
as far as possible in proportion to the size of each of these series.
The sample bales should be intact and as little damaged as possible.
Rejections should consist of :
- bales showing signs of definite drying or wetting, as may happen with bales situated on the
external faces of a stack;
- bales or wrappings of bales having deteriorated, or showing clear signs of accidental localised
wetting or loss;
- bales carrying traces of previous sampling;
- bales whose number is illegible or is not contained in the specification, if this is a lot specified
bale by bale.
*
The mean of the gross mass of the sample bales is considered as being the mean of the gross mass of all the
baies in the lot.
-4-
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/R 801 -1968 (I
The number of sample bales should be governed by the following Table :
TABLE 1 - Number of sample baies to be taken
Total number of Number of sample baies
I bales in lot minimum I maximum
up to 100 12 24
101 to 200 18 36
201 to 300 24 48
301 to 400 24 48
401 to 500 48
24
501 to 600 60
30
601 to 700 30 60
701 to 800 36 72
801 to 900 36 72
901 to 1000 42 84
1001 to 2000 48 96
2001 to 3000 60 120
144
3001 to 4000 72
192
4001 to 5000 96
Above 5000 the minimum number to be taken is 100 + 1 of the bales in excess of 5000, the
maximum number being 200 + 1 of the bales in excess of 5000. In all cases, the total number of
sample bales should be a multiple of 6.
When the lot is relatively uniform, and the number of bales rejected (exclusive of bales fromthe
outer faces of the stack) does not exceed 10 of the minimum number of bales to be selected (see
Table l), then the minimdm number will be taken. Otherwise, the analyst will decide, within the
limits set in the Table 1, the number of bales to be selected.
For frozen pulp, the sampling should be postponed until the bales have thawed, so that satisfactory
test pieces can be cut from the sheets.
6. PROCEDURE
6.1 Weighing of sample bales
Determine the gross mass of each sample bale separately and report the results with a degree of
accuracy between 1/500 and l/lOOO; report,if possible, their marks and references in the order
of their weighing. The scale should be checked before the weighings and during the course of the
operation (see clause 4.1).
If the moisture content of the sheets of pulp serving as wrappers differs obviously from that of
the rest of the baie, or if the wrappers are invoiced separately, they should be tested separately
in the manner described in clause 9.1.
6.2 Selection of specimen sheets
Five specimen sheets should be selected from each sample bale, as described below, as soon as
possible after weighmg.
Five sheets are drawn from each sample bale, the distance between the sheets being constant and
equal to 1/5 of the total thickness of the bale (see clause 9.2). The sheets should not be
taken from the same positions in each bale, but should be selected according to the procedure
described below and illustrated in Figure 1. In sample baie No. 1 the first sheet to be taken is
that at the extreme top, and the last sheet (the fifth) will be 1/5 of the thickness of the bale
from the bottom. In sample bales Nos. II, III, IV, V and VI, each sheet is taken from a slightly
lower position (actuaiiy 1/50 of the thickness of the baie) than the corresponding sheet of the
preceding bale; thus in sample baie No. VI the first sheet will be taken 1/10 of the height of
the bale from the top, and the last sheet will be 1/10 of the height of the bale from the bottom.
The sample bale No. VI1 will recommence the cycle and be treated in the same way as the
sample bale No. I, etc. In this way one outside sheet is taken from every six sample baies, the
proportion thus being one outside sheet in every thirty specimen sheets taken.
-5-
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/R 801-1968 (
Bale Bale Bale Bale Bale
Bale
I, vu, ,II, VI& III, IX, v, XI, VI, XII,
IV, x,
XIII XIV xv XVI XVII XVIII
I etc. 1 etc. I etc. I etc. I etc. 1. etc. 1
I
I I I
I I I I I
I
I I I
I
FIG.1 - be taken
Diagram indicating the position from which specimen sheets should
All specimen sheets should be selected very carefully, especially those within about 5 cm from
the top and the bottom of the bale.
The specimen sheets can be selected easily with the aid of an appropriately graduated measuring
rod (see Annex B). The rod is placed in an inclined position against the side of the bale, so that
its lower end is at the level of the bottom face on the bale, and the upper line at the level of its
top. The faces on the.rod correspond to the six baies in a bale group and the lines correspond to
the five specimen sheets in the bale.
If the top and bottom of the bales can be established by means of numbers or other identifying
marks, the selection of specimen sheets should start from the top of the first group of six
sample bales and from the bottom of the second group of six sample bales. This alternating
procedure should be followed for successive groups of six baies.
6.3 Cutting the test pieces
From each of the specimen sheets selected, a triangular test piece is taken by making two
straight cuts through the sheet from the edge to the centre. These triangles (see clause 9.3) have
their bases at the outside edges and apices at the centre of the sheets. All test pieces used
in the test have either the same area, or a constant apex angle of 24".
It is very important that each specimen sheet should remain in contact with the sheet under-
neath when the test piece is cut and that the cutting of the test piece is carried out on the same
bale at the moment when the specimen sheet is exposed.
Alternative 1 : Constant area
From the first baie of a group of six sample bales, proceed as follows.
Cut test pieces in the shape of triangles in which the apices should be at the centre of the
sheets and where the lengths of the bases of the triangles are
a b
- and -
7.5 7.5
where
a is the length of the long side of the sheet,
b is the length of the short side of the sheet.
The test piece cut from the first specimen sheet has one side which coincides with a sheet di-
agonal (starting point shown in Fig. 2).
-6-
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
E
ISO/R 801-1968 (I
If the specimen sheets vary in substance*, and as a consequence of this also in thickness,
compensate this by cutting narrower test pieces from the thicker sheets and wider ones
from the thinner sheets.
Cut the test pieces from the consecutive specimen sheets as indicated in Figure 2. These five
triangular pieces together form the sample from bale No. 1.
In sample bale No. II the test pieces are cut from consecutive positions clockwise of the
respective test piece positions in sample bale No. 1,and progressively for sample bales NOS. III,
IV, V and VI.
Use the same procedure for each group of six sample bales.
From each of these groups the total area of the test pieces is equivalent to one sheet. If,
however, the pulp properties and sheet shapes cause difficulty in cutting the test pieces, it is
permissible to double the area of every test piece.
The procedure for cutting test pieces with constant area is illustrated in Figure 2 below.
FIG. 2 - Diagram illustrating how test pieces with constant area are to be cut from
in Figure 1
specimen sheets selected according to the diagram given
Roman figures : number of bale
Arabic fig
...