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IEC 61400-1
Edition 4.0 2019-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 1: Design requirements
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IEC 61400-1
Edition 4.0 2019-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 1: Design requirements
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-6253-5
– 2 – IEC 61400-1:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 10
INTRODUCTION . 12
1 Scope . 13
2 Normative references . 13
3 Terms and definitions . 15
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 23
4.1 Symbols and units. 23
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 26
5 Principal elements . 27
5.1 General . 27
5.2 Design methods . 27
5.3 Safety classes . 27
5.4 Quality assurance . 27
5.5 Wind turbine markings . 27
6 External conditions . 28
6.1 General . 28
6.2 Wind turbine classes . 28
6.3 Wind conditions . 30
6.3.1 General . 30
6.3.2 Normal wind conditions . 31
6.3.3 Extreme wind conditions . 33
6.4 Other environmental conditions . 38
6.4.1 General . 38
6.4.2 Normal other environmental conditions . 39
6.4.3 Extreme other environmental conditions . 39
6.5 Electrical power network conditions . 39
7 Structural design . 40
7.1 General . 40
7.2 Design methodology . 40
7.3 Loads. 40
7.3.1 General . 40
7.3.2 Gravitational and inertial loads . 41
7.3.3 Aerodynamic loads . 41
7.3.4 Actuation loads . 41
7.3.5 Other loads . 41
7.4 Design situations and load cases . 41
7.4.1 General . 41
7.4.2 Power production (DLC 1.1 to 1.5) . 44
7.4.3 Power production plus occurrence of fault or loss of electrical network
connection (DLC 2.1 to 2.5) . 45
7.4.4 Start-up (DLC 3.1 to 3.3) . 47
7.4.5 Normal shutdown (DLC 4.1 to 4.2) . 47
7.4.6 Emergency stop (DLC 5.1) . 48
7.4.7 Parked (standstill or idling) (DLC 6.1 to 6.4) . 48
7.4.8 Parked plus fault conditions (DLC 7.1) . 49
7.4.9 Transport, assembly, maintenance and repair (DLC 8.1 and 8.2) . 49
7.5 Load calculations . 49
7.6 Ultimate limit state analysis. 50
7.6.1 Method . 50
7.6.2 Ultimate strength analysis . 53
7.6.3 Fatigue failure . 56
7.6.4 Stability . 57
7.6.5 Critical deflection analysis . 57
7.6.6 Special partial safety factors . 58
8 Control system . 58
8.1 General . 58
8.2 Control functions . 58
8.3 Protection functions . 59
8.4 Control system failure analysis . 59
8.4.1 General . 59
8.4.2 Independence and common-cause failures . 60
8.4.3 Fault exclusions . 60
8.4.4 Failure mode return periods . 60
8.4.5 Systematic failures . 60
8.5 Manual operation . 60
8.6 Emergency stop button function . 60
8.7 Manual, automatic, and remote restart . 61
8.8 Braking system . 62
9 Mechanical systems . 62
9.1 General . 62
9.2 Errors of fitting . 63
9.3 Hydraulic or pneumatic systems . 63
9.4 Main gearbox . 63
9.5 Yaw system . 63
9.6 Pitch system . 64
9.7 Protection function mechanical brakes . 64
9.8 Rolling element bearings . 64
9.8.1 General . 64
9.8.2 Main shaft bearings . 64
9.8.3 Generator bearings . 64
9.8.4 Pitch and yaw bearings . 65
10 Electrical system . 65
10.1 General . 65
10.2 General requirements for the electrical system . 65
10.3 Internal environmental conditions . 65
10.4 Protective devices . 67
10.5 Disconnection from supply sources . 67
10.6 Earth system . 67
10.7 Lightning protection . 67
10.8 Electrical cables . 68
10.9 Self-excitation . 68
10.10 Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse . 68
10.11 Power quality . 68
10.12 Electromagnetic compatibil
...