|
IEC TS 62565-4-1
Edition 1.0 2019-11
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Nanomanufacturing – Material specifications –
Part 4-1: Luminescent nanomaterials – Blank detail specification
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
.
IEC TS 62565-4-1
Edition 1.0 2019-11
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Nanomanufacturing – Material specifications –
Part 4-1: Luminescent nanomaterials – Blank detail specification
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 07.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-7641-9
– 2 – IEC TS 62565-4-1:2019 IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 General introduction regarding measurement methods . 10
5 Basic specification requirements. 10
6 Recommended specification format . 10
6.1 General procurement . 10
6.2 Luminescent nanomaterial key control characterization . 11
6.2.1 Physical and chemical key control characteristics . 11
6.2.2 Optical key control characteristics . 12
7 An overview of test methods and analysis techniques . 13
Bibliography . 15
Table 1 – Format for general information . 11
Table 2 – Physical and chemical key control characteristics. 12
Table 3 – Optical key control characteristics by emission colour . 13
Table 4 – Summary of test methods . 14
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
NANOMANUFACTURING – MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS –
Part 4-1: Luminescent nanomaterials – Blank detail specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical
Specification when
• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical Specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC TS 62565-4-1, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 113: Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems.
– 4 – IEC TS 62565-4-1:2019 IEC 2019
The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
113/476/DTS 113/508/RVDTS
Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62565 series, published under the general title
Nanomanufacturing – Material specifications, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
INTRODUCTION
Lighting devices and displays are transitioning from incandescent illumination sources based
on heated filaments to solid-state lighting (SSL) sources. In devices such as lamps and
luminaires used for general illumination, light emitting diodes (LED) form SSL sources that
provide light, and a wide variety of lighting colours are commercially available. In display
products such as liquid crystal devices, white backlights are used in conjunction with colour
filters to provide red, green and blue colours, and these backlights are also increasingly
leveraging breakthroughs in LED technologies to increase the colour gamut. There are
several key drivers for this change including increased energy efficiency, increased product
lifetime, flexibility in colours produced and good colour rendering properties. For example,
solid-state lighting (SSL) sources can achieve luminous efficacies that are significantly higher
than conventional incandescent lamps. Since approximately 20 % of the world’s electricity
consumption is attributed to providing illumination, the impact of such a large gain in luminous
efficacy provided by changing to SSL technologies is significant. Likewise, SSL backlights
consume less energy than other backlight technologies, which is especially important in
battery powered portable electronics.
The structures of SSL sources used for general lighting and display backlights often are
similar. In a common structure, these devices consist of a blue LED and at least one
photoluminescent material to provide one or more additional wavelengths. When energized,
some photons emitted by the LEDs are absorbed by the luminescent material and produce
secondary photons of different wavelengths through the process of photoluminescence (PL).
The light produced by the SSL source is a mixture of the emissions from the blue LED and the
photoluminescent material. A variety of luminescent materials can be used in these
applications including phosphors and luminescent nanomaterials.
Luminescent nanomaterials are comprised of semiconductor nanocrystals like spherical
quantum dots and elongated quantum rods and inorganic nanophosphors. Semiconductor
nanocrystals with sizes typically below 10 nm show size-tunable optical properties (size-
dependent band gap and hence, size-dependent onset of absorption and spectral position of
the emission band or emission colour) and electrochemical properties (size-dependent
energetic positions of the valence and conduction band and hence, redox potentials of the
charge carriers) due to particle size-dependent quantum confinement effects. Particularly
favourable are their broad absorption bands (increasing absorption for all wavelengths shorter
than the onset of absorption), their narrow emission bands (often revealing a symmetric
shape), their high photoluminescence quantum yields and excellent photostability.
Light-emitting phosphors can also be used for lighting and display applications and in some
instances phosphors with particle diameters less than 100 nm (i.e. nanoparticles) can be
used. Such inorganic nanomaterials (also termed nanophosphors) include materials such as
YAG:Ce. These nanophosphors are characterized by broad absorption bands, broad emission
bands, good photoluminescence quantum yields and a high photostability. The spectral
position of the absorption and emission of inorganic nanophosphors is not affected by size,
but the scattering properties will have a size dependence. However, the enhanced surface-to-
volume ratio with decreasing particle size can favour luminescence quenching at surface
defects, thereby affecting the photoluminescenc
...