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TECHNICAL CISPR
REPORT 16-4-4
Second edition
2007-07
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 4-4:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistics of complaints and a model for the
calculation of limits for the protection of
radio services
Reference number
CISPR 16-4-4/TR:2007(E)
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TECHNICAL CISPR
REPORT 16-4-4
Second edition
2007-07
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 4-4:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistics of complaints and a model for the
calculation of limits for the protection of
radio services
PRICE CODE
XB
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 –
TR CISPR 16-4-4 © IEC:2007(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Statistics of complaints and sources of interference .7
4.1 Introduction and history.7
4.2 Relationship between radio frequency interference and complaints .7
4.2.1 Radio frequency interference to a fixed radio receiver .7
4.2.2 Radio frequency interference to a mobile radio receiver .7
4.2.3 Consequences of the move from analogue to digital radio systems.7
4.3 Towards the loss of a precious indicator: interference complaints.8
4.4 CISPR recommendations for collation of statistical data on interference
complaints and classification of interference sources .8
4.5 Forms for statistics of interference complaints.9
5 A model for the calculation of limits .14
5.1 Introduction .14
5.1.1 Generation of EM disturbances.14
5.1.2 Immunity from EM disturbances.14
5.1.3 Planning a radio service .14
5.2 Probability of interference.15
5.2.1 Derivation of probability of interference .15
5.3 Circumstances of interferences .16
5.3.1 Close coupling and remote coupling .17
5.3.2 Measuring methods .18
5.3.3 Disturbance signal waveforms and associated spectra .20
5.3.4 Characteristics of interfered radio services .21
5.3.5 Operational aspects.22
5.3.6 Criteria for the determination of limits .23
5.4 A mathematical basis for the calculation of CISPR limits .27
5.4.1 Generation of EM disturbances (source of disturbance) .27
5.4.2 Immunity from EM disturbances (victim receiver) .28
5.5 Application of the mathematical basis.29
5.5.1 Radiation coupling.29
5.5.2 Wire-line coupling.30
5.6 Another suitable method for equipment in the frequency range 150 kHz to
1 GHz.
5.6.1 Introduction .38
5.6.2 Derivation of limits.38
5.6.3 Application of limits .43
5.6.4 Overview of proposals for determination of disturbance limits for a
given type of equipment.43
5.7 Rational for determination of CISPR limits in the frequency range above
1 GHz.44
5.7.1 Introduction .44
5.7.2 Consideration and estimated values of μ to μ .45
P1 P7
5.7.3 Equivalent EMC environment below and above 1 GHz.51
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TR CISPR 16-4-4 © IEC:2007(E)
5.7.4 Overview on parameters of radio communication services operating
in the frequency range above 1 GHz and up to 16 GHz with effect to
electromagnetic compatibility.52
Annex A Excerpt from CISPR Report No. 31 Values of mains decoupling factor in the
range 0,1 MHz to 200 MHz .55
Bibliography.60
Figure 1a – Standard form for statistics on interference complaints recommended for
radio services with analogue modulation and fixed or stationary radio reception .9
Figure 1b – Standard form for statistics on interference complaints recommended for
radio services with analogue modulation and mobile or portable radio reception.10
Figure 1c – Standard form for statistics on interference complaints recommended for
radio services with digital modulation and fixed or stationary radio reception .11
Figure 1d – Standard form for statistics on interference complaints recommended for
radio services with digital modulation and mobile or portable radio reception.12
Figure 2 – Model for remote coupling situation derived disturbance field strength e at
ir
receiving distance r.24
Figure 3 – Model for close coupling situations.26
Figure 4 – Example of conversion factors – field strength / common-mode voltage (in
dB) – at feed point, found in practice .35
Figure 5 – Example of conversion factors – field strength generated by differential-
mode voltage – at feed point, found in practice .36
Figure 6 – Example of conversion factors – field strength generated by differential-
mode voltage – outside buildings and electrical substations, found in practice .37
Figure 7 – Example of conversion factors – field strength generated by differential-
mode voltage – inside buildings, found in practice .38
Figure A.1 – Mains decoupling coefficient as measured by various authors .57
Figure A.2 – Median and minimum values of mains decoupling factor for the range
0,1 MHz to 200 MHz .58
Figure A.3 – Typical distributions of deviations from median value of decoupling factor
as indicated in Figure A.2 .58
Figure A.4 – Measurement of the mains decoupling factor .59
Table 1 – Classification of sources of radio frequency interference and other causes of
complaint .13
Table 2 – Guidance survey of RFI measuring methods .20
Table 3 – Tabulation of the method of determining limits for equipment in the frequency
range 0,150 MHz to 960 MHz.40
Table 4 – Calculation of permissible limits for disturbances at about 1 800 MHz from
existing CISPR limits in the frequency range of 900 MHz .52
Table 5 – List of radio services, typical parameters, and influence factors .53
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TR CISPR 16-4-4 © IEC:2007(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-4: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistics of complaints and a model for the calculation of limits
for the protection of radio services
FOREWORD
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