|
TECHNICAL REPORT
LTE;
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
Radio Frequency (RF) requirements for LTE Pico Node B
(3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 1 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
Reference
RTR/TSGR-0436931vf00
Keywords
LTE
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© ETSI 2018.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM TM
3GPP and LTE are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members.
GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 2 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or
GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables.
The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under
.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 3 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 2
Foreword . 2
Modal verbs terminology . 2
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 7
4 General . 7
4.1 Work item objective . 7
5 System scenarios . 7
5.1 Pico NodeB class . 7
5.2 Radio scenario . 7
5.3 Simulation assumptions . 7
5.3.1 Deployment modelling . 7
5.3.1.1 Pico deployment . 7
5.3.1.2 Macro-Pico deployment . 8
5.3.2 Channel models . 8
5.3.2.1 Antenna patterns . 8
5.3.2.2 Propagation model . 9
5.3.2.2.1 Indoor path loss model . 9
5.3.2.2.2 Macro cell propagation model . 9
5.3.3 Macro cell parameters . 10
5.3.4 Pico cell parameters . 10
5.3.5 Scheduler . 11
5.3.6 Power control modelling . 11
6 Changes for the Release 9 in addition to Release 8 . 11
6.1 Changes in 36.104 . 11
6.1.1 Changes to transmitter characteristics. 11
6.1.1.1 Frequency error . 11
6.1.1.2 Base station maximum output power . 11
6.1.1.3 Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (ACLR) . 12
6.1.1.3.1 Relative value . 12
6.1.1.3.2 Absolute value . 12
6.1.1.4 Operating band unwanted emissions . 13
6.1.1.5 Transmitter spurious. 13
6.1.1.5.1 Mandatory requirement . 13
6.1.1.5.2 Protection of the BS receiver of own or different BS . 13
6.1.1.5.3 Additional spurious emissions requirements . 14
6.1.1.5.4 Co-location with other base stations . 14
6.1.2 Changes to receiver characteristics . 17
6.1.2.1 Receiver reference sensitivity . 17
6.1.2.1.1 Discussion . 17
6.1.2.1.2 Minimum requirement . 17
6.1.2.2 Blocking characteristics . 17
6.1.2.2.1 General blocking requirement . 17
6.1.2.2.1.1 Minimum requirement . 19
6.1.2.2.2 Collocation with other base stations . 20
6.1.2.2.2.1 Minimum requirement . 20
6.1.2.3 Dynamic range . 22
6.1.2.3.1 Analysis . 22
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 4 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
6.1.2.3.2 Minimum requirement . 23
6.1.2.4 In-channel selectivity . 23
6.1.2.4.1 Analysis . 23
6.1.2.4.2 Minimum requirement . 24
6.1.2.5 Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS) and narrow-band blocking . 24
6.1.2.5.1 Analysis . 24
6.1.2.5.2 Minimum requirement . 24
6.1.2.6 Receiver Intermodulation . 25
6.1.2.6.1 Analysis . 25
6.1.2.6.2 Minimum requirement . 26
6.1.3 Clarification on performance requirements . 27
6.2 Changes in 36.141 . 27
7 Impacts to other WGs . 27
Annex A: Change history . 28
History . 29
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 5 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
Foreword
rd
This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 6 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
1 Scope
This document is a Technical Report on Release 9 work item "RF requirements for LTE Pico NodeB".
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[1] 3GPP TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[2] 3GPP TS 36.104: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception".
[3] 3GPP TS 36.141: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS)
conformance testing".
[4] 3GPP TR 25.951: "FDD Base Station (BS) classification".
[5] 3GPP TR 36.942: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Frequency (RF)
system scenarios".
[6] 3GPP TS 36.101: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE)
radio transmission and reception".
[7] ITU-R Reccommendation P.1238: "Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of
indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 900
MHz to 100 GHz".
[8] ITU-R Recommendation SM.329: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following
apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in 3GPP
TR 21.905 [1].
(Void)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
(void)
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 7 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An
abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in
3GPP TR 21.905 [1].
(void)
4 General
4.1 Work item objective
The objective is to define LTE Pico BS and then specify the corresponding RF requirements according to the followings:
- definition of LTE Pico BS class
- the RF requirements for LTE Pico BS class
- introduction of BS transmission and reception requirements, but no baseband performance requirements
- update of conformance test specifications
5 System scenarios
This clause describes the system scenarios for LTE operation that are considered when defining LTE Pico BS class. It
also includes typical radio parameters that are used to derive requirements.
5.1 Pico NodeB class
Pico Base Stations are characterised by requirements derived from Pico Cell scenarios with a BS to UE minimum
coupling loss (MCL) equal to 45 dB.
Note: This value was derived from 2GHz Band.
[Editor's Note: The impact on the MCL values due to different frequency bands is for FFS.]
5.2 Radio scenario
Pico radio scenarios have these characteristics: relatively large coverage, dense user population, easy and flexible
installation, and large capacity data service. Pico BS is typically used in indoor offices, indoor hotspots, outdoor
hotspots, or dense blocks, and is located on walls, ceilings, or masts.
5.3 Simulation assumptions
5.3.1 Deployment modelling
5.3.1.1 Pico deployment
This modelling is referenced to the Pico scenario described in 3GPP TR 25.951 [4]. A model indoor environment is
specified below and consists of a large office building with an open floor plan layout. Figure1 shows a diagram of the
environment. The parameters of the Pico environment are the following:
- building size = 100 x 100 metres
- room size = 23 x 20 metres
- corridor width = 4 metres
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 8 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
Figure 5.3.1.1-1 Pico deployment
5.3.1.2 Macro-Pico deployment
The hexagonal cells represent the macro cells and the indoor systems have been mapped onto the macro
cells. The indoor layout has been adopted from clause 5.3.1.1. A certain number of indoor systems are
dropped within the macro coverage area with a random uniform distribution.
Figure 5.3.1.2-1. Macro-Pico deployment
5.3.2 Channel models
5.3.2.1 Antenna patterns
The macro BS antenna radiation pattern to be used for each sector in 3-sector cell sites is plotted in Figure 3. The
pattern is identical to those defined in 3GPP TR 36.942 [5].
2
θ
AA()θθ=− min 12 , where −180≤ ≤180 ,
m
θ
3dB
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 9 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
θ A = 20dB
is the 3dB beam width which corresponds to 65 degrees, and is the maximum attenuation
3dB m
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Horizontal Angle - Degrees
Figure 5.3.2.1-1 Antenna Pattern for 3-Sector Cells
For initial coexistence simulations, the azimuth antenna patterns for Pico BS are assumed to be omnidirectional.
5.3.2.2 Propagation model
5.3.2.2.1 Indoor path loss model
According to Keenan-Motley and ITU-R P.1238 [7] indoor models, the indoor propagation model expressed in dB is in
the following form, which gives the similar results with the indoor model in 3GPP TR 25.951 [4] when a carrier
frequency of 2000MHz is used.
n
PLd( B)=×20 log(f )+ 20×log(R)− 28dB+ P
i
i=0
Where:
- R： transmitter-receiver separation given in metres
- f： the carrier frequency given in MHz
- n： number of penetrated walls
- Pi： loss of wall number i
To be convenient for simulation, according to the parameters given for office environment in ITU-R P.1238 [7], the
indoor path loss model is represented by the following formula when considering a carrier frequency of 2000 MHz.
PLd( B)=+38 30× log(R)
where:
R = transmitter-receiver separation given in metres
Slow fading deviation in Pico environment is assumed to be 6 dB.
5.3.2.2.2 Macro cell propagation model
Macro cell propagation model for urban area is applicable for scenarios in urban and suburban areas outside the high
rise core where buildings are of nearly uniform height (3GPP TR 36.942 [5]). Assuming that the base station antenna
ETSI
Gain - dB
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 10 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
height is fixed at 15 m above the rooftop, and a carrier frequency of 2 GHz is used, the path loss L can be expressed as
below:
L=+128.1 37.6log (R)
10
Where:
R is the transmitter-receiver separation in kilometers
Slow fading deviation in Macro environment is assumed to be 10 dB.
5.3.3 Macro cell parameters
The macro cell parameters are proposed as follows:
Table 5.3.3-1: Macro system assumptions
Parameters Assumptions
Carrier frequency 2000 MHz
10 MHz(aggressor),
System bandwidth
10 MHz(victim)
Hexagonal grid, 19 cell sites,
Cellular layout with BTS in the corner of the cell ,
65-degree sectored beam.
Wrap around Employed
Inter-site distance 750 m
Traffic model Full buffer
UEs dropped with uniform density within the
macro coverage area,
UE distribution
Indoor UEs ratio is a parameter depending on the
simulation scenario.
L = 128.1 + 37.6 log10 ( R ),
Path loss model
R in kilometers
Lognormal shadowing Log Normal Fading with 10 dB standard deviation
LTE BS Antenna gain after cable loss 15 dBi
UE Antenna gain 0 dBi
Outdoor wall penetration loss 10 dB
White noise power density -174 dBm/Hz
BS noise figure 5 dB
UE noise figure 9 dB
Maximum BS TX power 46dBm
Maximum UE TX power 23dBm
Minimum UE TX power -30dBm
MCL 70 dB
Scheduling algorithm Round Robin
RB width 180 kHz, total 50 RBs
RB numbers per user Downlink:1 Uplink:16
5.3.4 Pico cell parameters
The Pico cell parameters are proposed as follows:
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 11 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
Table 5.3.4-1: Pico system assumptions
Parameters Assumptions
Carrier frequency 2000 MHz
10 MHz(aggressor),
System bandwidth
10 MHz(victim)
L = 38 + 30 log10 ( R ),
Path loss model
R in metres
Lognormal shadowing Log Normal Fading with 6 dB standard deviation
Antenna gain 0 dBi or 2 dBi
Outdoor wall penetration loss 10 dB
Pico BS noise figure 6 dB
Maximum Pico TX power 24dBm
Min separation UE to Pico BS 2 m
Scheduling algorithm Round Robin
RB width 180 kHz, total 50 RBs
RB numbers per user Downlink:1 Uplink:16
5.3.5 Scheduler
For initial coexistence simulations, Round Robin scheduler shall be used.
5.3.6 Power control modelling
No power control in downlink, fixed power per frequency resource block is assumed.
The fractional power control described in 3GPP TR 36.942 [5] shall be used for the initial uplink coexistence
simulations.
6 Changes for the Release 9 in addition to Release 8
6.1 Changes in 36.104
This clause describes the necessary changes to requirements on BS minimum RF characteristics, with respect to
Release 8 requirements in 3GPP TS 36.104 [2].
6.1.1 Changes to transmitter characteristics
6.1.1.1 Frequency error
The frequency error requirement may be specified separately for different base station classes. In Pico cells, the Doppler
shift of the mobile should be lower than that in general cells. For that reason we consider that the requirement of
frequency error for Pico BS may be relaxed without performance degradation. Meanwhile, the demodulation
performance with high order modulation which is sensitive to the frequency error should be considered.
It is agreed to set the frequency error requirement for Pico eNodeB to ±[0.1] ppm.
6.1.1.2 Base station maximum output power
Maximum output power, Pmax, of the base station is the mean power level per carrier measured at the antenna
connector during the transmitter ON period in a specified reference condition.
Base Station maximum output power for Pico NodeB shall be as specified in table 6.1.1.2-1.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 12 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
Table 6.1.1.2-1: Base Station maximum output power
BS Class Maximum output power
Pico NodeB < + 24 dBm (for one transmit
antenna port)
< + 21 dBm (for two transmit
antenna ports)
< + 18 dBm (for four transmit
antenna ports)
6.1.1.3 Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (ACLR)
6.1.1.3.1 Relative value
Downlink interference between Macro cell and Pico cell was evaluated in R4-093591, from the simulation results,
average downlink throughput loss for LTE Macro is less than 0.5% and capacity loss for UTRA Macro is less than
2.5% when LTE Macro or UTRA Macro and Pico cells are deployed on adjacent frequencies (ACIR = 33 dB).
ACIR defines the protection against adjacent channel interference. In the downlink, ACIR is the function of Pico BS
ACLR and UE ACS as follows:
1
ACIR =
11
+
ACLR ACS
ACS1 of MUE is assumed to be 33 dB 3GPP TS 36.101 [6], the relationship between ACIR and ACLR1 is provided in
Table 6.1.1.3.1-1. It is observed that the ACIR is mainly dominated by the UE ACS1 performance and tightening the
BS ACLR1 only would insignificantly improve the overall ACIR.
Table 6.1.1.3.1-1 Relationship between ACIR and ACLR
BS ACLR (dB) UE ACS (dB) ACIR (dB)
45 33 32.73
50 33 32.91
55 33 32.97
Based on the above investigation, a relative ACLR1 value of 45 dB could ensure Macro downlink performance
degradation to an acceptable level. Due to the fact that ACS2 of UE is better than ACS1, the requirement of ACLR2
would be lower than ACLR1 for Pico BS to get the same ACIR. The same requirements for ACLR1 and ACLR2 are
appropriate. So there is no need to tighten the relative ACLR requirements for the Pico BS from requirements used for
general purpose BS.
6.1.1.3.2 Absolute value
For wide area base stations, absolute limits of -15 dBm/MHz for Category B and -13dBm/MHz for Category A are
specified in 3GPP TS 36.104 [2]. Assuming these limits are applicable to Pico NB and taking 10 MHz bandwidth as an
example, the corresponding relative ACLR is 29 dB for Category B and 27 dB for Category A. It may influence co-
existence performance under these absolute limits. It is proposed to use a level of -32 dBm/MHz as the absolute limit,
which is 5 dB below SEM mask level in spurious domain inside the operating band.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
3GPP TR 36.931 version 15.0.0 Release 15 13 ETSI TR 136 931 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
6.1.1.4 Operating band unwanted emissions
For LTE Pico
...