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TECHNICAL REPORT
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);
Dynamically reconfiguring a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
User Equipment (UE) receiver to reduce power consumption
when desired Quality of Service (QoS) is met
(3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15)
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 1 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
Reference
RTR/TSGR-0425906vf01
Keywords
UMTS
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 2 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
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Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or
GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables.
The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under
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Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 3 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 2
Foreword . 2
Modal verbs terminology . 2
Foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 5
3.1 Definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviations . 6
4 Techniques considered for dynamically reconfiguring a FDD UE receiver to reduce power
consumption when desired Quality of Service is met . 6
4.1 Scenarios in which individual UE receiver performance reduction has no, or minimal impact to the
overall UTRAN system level performance or user experience . 6
4.1.1 MBMS transmission . 6
4.2 Scenarios in which individual UE receiver performance reduction may impact to the overall UTRAN
system level performance or user experience . 6
4.2.1 HSDPA transmission . 6
4.2.2 Transmission on dedicated channels . 7
4.2.3 E-DCH related downlink transmissions . 7
5 MBMS Link level simulation scenarios, assumptions and results . 7
5.1 Link level scenarios based on adaptive thresholds . 7
5.1.1 Switching algorithm method 1 . 8
5.1.2 Switching algorithm method 2 . 8
5.1.3 Further simulation parameters . 9
5.1.4 Results . 10
5.1.4.1 Panasonic simulation results . 10
5.1.4.2 Nokia simulation results . 14
6 MBMS system level simulation scenarios, assumptions and results. 17
6.1 System level scenarios . 17
6.2 System level results and conclusions. 17
7 Non-MBMS link level simulation scenarios, assumptions and result . 22
7.0 General . 22
7.1 Link level scenarios for dedicated channels . 22
7.1.1 Switching algorithm for DCH . 22
7.1.2 Simulation conditions . 23
7.1.3 Simulation results . 23
7.1.3.1 Static channel conditions . 23
7.1.3.2 Case1 channel conditions . 24
7.2 Link level scenarios for HSDPA DL channels . 25
7.2.1 Switching method algorithm for HSDPA . 25
7.2.2 Simulation conditions . 26
7.2.3 Simulation results . 26
8 Non-MBMS system level simulation scenarios, assumptions and result . 27
8.0 General . 27
8.1 Network simulation assumptions . 27
8.2 Network simulation results . 28
9 Conclusions . 29
Annex A: Change history . 30
History . 31
ETSI
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 4 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
Foreword
rd
This Technical Report has been produced by the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
Y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
ETSI
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 5 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
1 Scope
The objectives of this study are:
a) RAN4 to identify whether there are situations in which individual UE receiver performance reduction has no, or
minimal impact to the overall UTRAN system level performance or user experience. RAN4 should also identify
scenarios in which UE receiver performance reduction cannot safely be performed.
b) RAN4 to investigate scenarios for the identified situations where the UE could reduce its performance. The
purpose of these scenarios is to ensure that UE performance is not degraded when conditions are not suitable.
c) RAN2 to investigate additional signalling which may be beneficial to support Ues in the decision making
process for reducing their performance, for example quality thresholds which assist the UE in determining that
conditions are suitable to reduce receiver performance.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[1] 3GPP TR 21.905: “Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications”.
[2] 3GPP TS 25.214: “Physical layer procedures (FDD)”.
[3] 3GPP TS 25.101: “UE Radio transmission and reception (FDD)”.
[4] 3GPP TS 25.331: “RRC Protocol Specification”.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A
term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905 [1].
(no further terms defined)
ETSI
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 6 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An
abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in
TR 21.905 [1].
(no further abbreviations defined)
4 Techniques considered for dynamically reconfiguring
a FDD UE receiver to reduce power consumption
when desired Quality of Service is met
4.1 Scenarios in which individual UE receiver performance
reduction has no, or minimal impact to the overall UTRAN
system level performance or user experience
4.1.1 MBMS transmission
It is considered acceptable from the system perspective to reduce or switch off UE receiver enhancements in good radio
conditions when receiving point to multi-point MBMS data (mapped on S-CCPCH). This is because such transmission
takes place with fixed transmission power level and so does not provide any opportunity to reduce transmission power
when UE is operating in good conditions. When the same UE moves into relatively worse radio conditions the enhanced
receiver should be fully enabled, to provide the better MBMS service reception. From a user experience perspective, the
important aspect is that UE attempts to maintain a certain downlink quality target corresponding to enhanced receiver
performance requirements. This means that generally a UE in good radio conditions has the opportunity to reduce its
receiver power consumption by reducing or turning off its receiver enhancements. However, in order to ensure correct
UE behaviour, the initial assessment indicates that network should provide the desired quality target, which the UE
should then autonomously attempt to meet or exceed when enhanced receiver is off. Determining ‘good radio condition’
based on the network signalled quality target should be dependent on UE implementation, but additional requirements
scenarios may need to be developed by RAN4 to ensure that Ues are able to meet or exceed the desired quality target in
different radio conditions and there is consistent behaviour between different UE implementations.
Unlike dedicated channels, where the quality target is signalled to the UE for the purpose of outer loop power control,
no quality targets are currently signalled for MBMS channels. Based on the analysis in RAN4 the transport channel
level BLER or SDU error rate is found to be a good measure to determine MBMS quality (e.g. MTCH BLER or SDU
error rate) and the feasibility of additional signalling to create targets for such measures could be further investigated by
RAN2. It should also be noted that the UE may either exceed the MTCH quality target, or be unable to meet the MTCH
quality target regardless of whether receiver enhancements are enabled, so the definition of quality target is rather
different from the currently defined outer loop power control concept of a quality target.
Due to the lack of signalling of quality target for p-t-m MBMS channels, some level of standardization is needed to
assist UE to do receiver reconfiguration in p-t-m MBMS scenario. This could include specifying the signalling of
quality target and some test cases to ensure that the UE attempts to follow the network signalled quality target.
4.2 Scenarios in which individual UE receiver performance
reduction may impact to the overall UTRAN system level
performance or user experience
4.2.1 HSDPA transmission
One main benefit of HSDPA is the ability to transmitted high data rate in a very short period of time by exploiting the
good radio conditions. This enhances the user bit rate as well as the system throughput. Secondly, the power control on
HSDPA channels (HS-DSCH and HS-SCCH) is implementation dependent. There is also an advantage to be gained in
terms of downlink transmit power reduction by using an enhanced receiver. Thus it is generally beneficial for the
network that UE fully uses its enhanced receiver to measure CQI and for the demodulation of HSDPA downlink
channels
ETSI
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 7 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
Furthermore, no procedure is required to be standardized to support any possible receiver reconfiguration in HSDPA
scenario. The standard specifies the CQI reporting range, which UE should be capable of reporting [2]. The standard
also specifies the enhanced receiver requirements, which are required to be fulfilled by the UE supporting enhanced
receiver [3]. While fulfilling these requirements any possible receiver reconfiguration could be performed
autonomously by the UE without specifying any procedure in 3GPP specification.
Potential HSDPA reception scenarios where it might be desirable to utilize UE dynamic receiver reconfiguration are
explored in section 7.2.
4.2.2 Transmission on dedicated channels
This refers to scenario, where dedicated channels such as DCH and F-DPCH are in operation. In these scenarios the
closed loop power control automatically adjusts the downlink transmitted power in response to the variation in the
downlink measured quality at the UE. Thus, a continuously active enhanced receiver on dedicated channels will enable
the power control to reduce the downlink transmitted power compared to the scenario where enhanced receiver is
dynamically switched on and switched off. The saved downlink power can be used to accommodate more users in the
cell, extend the cell coverage or to increase the data rate transmission of the on going cells if needed.
Furthermore, no procedure is required to be standardized to support any possible receiver reconfiguration in DCH
scenarios. The network already signals the quality target (BLER for DCH and TPC command error rate for F-DPCH)
[4]. The UE is required to fulfil these quality targets as specified in TS 25.101 [3]. The UE supporting enhanced
receiver should also fulfil the relevant enhanced requirements according to TS 25.101 [3]. Thus, the specification
provides sufficient information that can be used by UE for implementing any autonomous receiver reconfiguration
algorithm.
Potential dedicated channels reception scenarios where it might be desirable to utilize UE dynamic receiver
reconfiguration is explored in section 7.1.
4.2.3 E-DCH related downlink transmissions
In this scenario E-RGCH, A-RGCH and E-HICH channels, which are used for scheduling and ACK/NACK
transmission in the downlink to support enhanced uplink operation are transmitted. The network can increase the
coverage of these channels by adjusting the downlink transmit power according to the received downlink quality. This
implies more enhanced uplink users can be accommodated in the system if the downlink power is used more efficiently.
However, it should be noted that as HSUPA downlink channels utilize high spreading factors and repetition, it may be
possible for users in certain favourable conditions to perform dynamic receiver reconfiguration without impacting the
overall number of enhanced uplink users that can be accommodated in the system. Reconfiguration of receiver related
to E-DPCH downlink physical channels has not been simulated.
It is expected that no procedure is required to be standardized to support any possible receiver reconfiguration in E-
DCH downlink channel reception scenario. While fulfilling the enhanced requirements specified in 25.101 [3] the UE
could autonomously perform receiver reconfiguration without the need for any standardized procedure.
5 MBMS Link level simulation scenarios, assumptions
and results
Based on the analysis in section 4, it was decided to simulate MBMS based scenarios. Initially, link level simulations
were considered, but later in the study it was agreed also to consider system simulation scenarios.
5.1 Link level scenarios based on adaptive thresholds
Based on the conclusion of section 4.1 link level simulation scenario to investigate the feasibility of dynamic receiver
reconfiguration were agreed to be MTCH performance for point to multipoint MBMS transmission. For the purposes of
simulation, it was necessary to agree reference switching algorithms, which provide a basis for determining whether the
UE receiver should be dynamically reconfigured to use a single receiver, or configured to use dual receiver diversity.
Since the choice of switching algorithm may have an impact to the overall conclusion on whether the techniques are
feasible or not, two different algorithms were proposed. Both switching methods assume that some quality target is
signalled from UTRAN in line with the discussion in section 4.1.1. Method 1 is a rather basic method, where the UE
makes an estimation of BLER, and compares it directly with the BLER target. Switching method 2 was also considered,
because it may offer the possibility for a more rapid response when conditions change (e.g. due to short term fading)
and therefore the possibility for greater power savings.
ETSI
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 8 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
It should be emphasised that both reference switching algorithms are defined to facilitate simulation within RAN4, but
while these algorithms are used as basis for the work, they do not preclude more sophisticated implementations.
5.1.1 Switching algorithm method 1
If crc failure occurs then
{
BLER_Estimate = α * BLER_Estimate + (1-α)
}
Else
{
BLER_Estimate = α * BLER_Estimate
}
If (BLER_Estimate “best”performing receiver
If (BLER_Estimate>K2 and in single receiver mode) switch to dual receiver mode
K1 and K2 are related to the signalled quality target and may include some hystersis/safety
margin.
Table 5.1.1.1: Parameters for switching method 1
Parameter Unit
α
BLER filtering coefficient 0.999
K1
5%
K
2
5%
Target BLER quality % 5%
Delay in starting a receiver ms 10
path
5.1.2 Switching algorithm method 2
If crc failure occurs then
{
BLER_Estimate = α * BLER_Estimate + (1-α)
}
Else
{
BLER_Estimate = α * BLER_Estimate
}
If (BLER_Estimate 1
This corresponds to the case where actual receive quality is better than target, so reducing Q
means that the UE can start to switch to single receiver mode at a lower quality threshold)
If (BLER_Estimate>BLER_Target and only one receiver is enabled) increase Q by some amount δ2 (Note
: This corresponds to the case where actual receive quality is worse than target, so increasing
Q means that the UE can start to switch to dual receiver mode at a higher quality threshold)
When Filtered SIR > Q switch to single receiver with the “best” performing receiver
When Filtered SIR <=Q switch to dual receiver
ETSI
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 9 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
Table 5.1.2.1: Parameters for switching method 2
Parameter Unit
Quality estimate filtering period
Slots 1 slot
α
BLER filtering coefficient 0.999
δ
1
dB 0.25 [Nokia simulations]
0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 [Panasonic
simulations]
δ 2
dB 0.25 [Nokia simulations]
0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 [Panasonic
simulations]
Target BLER quality % 5%
Delay in starting a receiver Ms 10
path
5.1.3 Further simulation parameters
Further simulation parameters were agreed as shown in tables 5.1.3.1 – 3
Table 5.1.3.1: Simulation parameters for MTCH detection
Parameter Unit
Phase reference
- P-CPICH
dBm/3.84 MHz
I -60
oc
ˆ dB -3dB, 0dB and 10dB [Nokia]
I I
or oc
10dB [Panasonic]
MTCH Data Rate
Kbps 128kbps
Transmission Time Interval
Ms 40
Propagation condition
Pedestrian A, 3km/h [Nokia
and Panasonic]
Vehicular A, 3km/h
[Panasonic]
Number of radio links
- 1
UTRA Carrier Frequency MHz
2140
Table 5.1.3.2: Physical channel parameters for S-CCPCH
Parameter Unit Level
User Data Rate Kbps 128
Channel bit rate Kbps 480
Channel symbol rate Kbps 240
Slot Format #i - 12
TFCI - ON
Power offsets of TFCI and Pilot dB 0
fields relative to data field
ETSI
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 10 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
Table 5.1.3.3: Transport channel parameters for S-CCPCH
Parameter MTCH
User Data Rate 128 kbps
40 ms TTI
Transport Channel Number 1
Transport Block Size 2560
Transport Block Set Size 5120
Nr of transport blocks/TTI 2
RLC SDU block size 5072
Transmission Time Interval 40 ms
Type of Error Protection Turbo
Rate Matching attribute 256
Size of CRC 16
Position of TrCH in radio frame Flexible
5.1.4 Results
Link level results were contributed by Nokia and Panasonic
5.1.4.1 Panasonic simulation results
Figure 5.1.4.1.1 and 5.1.4.1.2 show BLER performance versus S-CCPCH Ec/Ior with several δ values. BLER
performances for both single antenna case and Dual antenna case are also shown in both figures. Our results show that
reference algorithm can settle BLER to 5% in each S-CCPCH Ec/Ior and it doesn’t depend on the value of δ values.
Block Error Rate(PA3/G=10/TargetBLER=5%)
1.E+00
1.E-01
1.E-02
δ=0.5
δ=1.0
δ=1.5
1.E-03
δ=3.0
Single
Dual
1.E-04
-18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8
SCCPCH_E ｃ/Ior
Figure 5.1.4.1.1: BLER performance in PA3.
Block Error Rate(VA3/G=10/TargetBLER=5%)
1.E+00
δ=0.5
1.E-01
δ=1.0
δ=1.5
δ=3.0
Single
1.E-02
Dual
1.E-03
1.E-04
-16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8
・
SCCPCH_E ｃIor
Figure 5.1.4.1.2: BLER performance in VA3
Figures 5.1.4.1.3 to 6 show the ratio of number of antenna in each Ec/Ior at PA3 case. It is natural that frequency as
which two antennas are chosen increases as the value of SCCPCH Ec/Ior becomes small.
ETSI
Block Error Rate
Block Error Rate
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3GPP TR 25.906 version 15.0.1 Release 15 11 ETSI TR 125 906 V15.0.1 (2018-07)
Ratio of Single / Dual
( δ=0.5/PA3/G=10/TargetBLER=5%)
100%
90%
Dual
80%
Single
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
-17 -15 -13 -11
...