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TECHNICAL REPORT
System Reference document (SRdoc);
Pan-European harmonized communications equipment
operating in the 5 GHz frequency range for regulated
applications for commercial vehicles
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2 ETSI TR 103 441 V1.1.1 (2018-09)
Reference
DTR/ERM-553
Keywords
DSRC, ITS, SRDoc
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3 ETSI TR 103 441 V1.1.1 (2018-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Symbols . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 Market regulatory background . 12
4.1 Rationale for a market regulation . 12
4.2 Technical prerequisites regulated by the European Union . 12
4.2.1 Interrogation use cases . 12
4.2.2 Radio technology . 13
4.2.3 Antenna characteristics and mounting . 13
4.2.4 Interference to other DSRC equipment . 14
5 Other technical presumptions . 14
5.1 Interrogation use cases not specified by regulation . 14
5.1.1 General presumptions for interrogation use cases . 14
5.1.2 Testing the installation in a garage or interrogation on a parking lot . 14
5.1.3 REDCR mounted on a gantry . 14
5.2 Mounting of vehicle unit antenna . 15
5.3 Typical antenna characterist ic s . 15
5.3.1 Vehicle unit antenna . 15
5.3.1.1 Vehicle unit antenna overview . 15
5.3.1.2 Vehicle unit RX antenna . 15
5.3.1.3 Vehicle unit TX antenna . 16
5.3.2 REDCR antennas for different use cases . 16
5.3.2.1 Antenna type overview . 16
5.3.2.2 Antenna for fixed REDCR mounted on a tripod at the roadside . 17
5.3.2.3 Antenna for mobile REDCR mounted on a vehicle . 18
5.3.2.4 Antenna for a fixed REDCR mounted on a gantry . 19
5.3.2.5 Antenna for handheld REDCR . 21
6 Current radio regulations . 21
7 Main conclusions . 22
Annex A: Detailed information about the market regulation . 24
A.1 Motivation for the digital tachograph . 24
A.1.1 Health and safety at work - and road safety . 24
A.1.2 Fatigue . 24
A.1.3 Passenger Transport . 24
A.2 Motivation for regulation of weights & dimensions . 24
A.2.1 Collision impact . 24
A.2.2 Competition . 25
A.2.3 Road freight transport . 25
A.2.4 Infrastructure wear . 26
A.2.4.1 Damage types . 26
ETSI
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4 ETSI TR 103 441 V1.1.1 (2018-09)
A.2.4.2 Road wear . 26
A.2.4.3 Bridges . 26
A.3 Motivation for enforcing EU Transport Policy . 26
A.3.1 Market regulation . 26
A.3.2 Regulation of drive & rest times/digital tachograph . 26
A.3.3 Regulation of weights & dimensions enforcement . 27
Annex B: Technical information . 28
B.1 Parameters relevant for radio regulation . 28
B.1.1 Number of radio devices and activity factor. 28
B.1.2 Radio parameters . 28
B.1.2.1 General information about the radio parameters . 28
B.1.2.2 Transmitter parameters of the REDCR . 29
B.1.2.3 Transmitter parameters of the vehicle unit . 30
B.1.2.4 Receiver parameters of the REDCR . 31
B.1.2.5 Receiver parameters of the vehicle unit . 32
Annex C: Relation to existing spectrum regulation . 34
C.1 Short Range Devices (SRD) . 34
C.1.1 General regulation for SRD . 34
C.1.2 Non-specific short range devices . 34
C.1.3 Road tolling and other DSRC equipment . 34
C.2 ITS-G5 . 34
C.3 Radio networks . 34
C.4 Wireless industrial applications . 35
C.5 Radars . 35
C.6 Disaster relief . 35
C.7 Ultra wide band . 35
C.8 Other radio applications . 35
C.9 Other compatibility studies . 35
Annex D: Expected compatibility issues . 37
D.1 Short range devices (SRD) . 37
D.2 ITS-G5 . 37
D.3 Radio networks . 37
D.4 Wireless industrial applications . 37
D.5 Radars . 37
D.6 Ultra wide band . 37
D.7 Other applications . 37
History . 39
ETSI
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5 ETSI TR 103 441 V1.1.1 (2018-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The EU regulated the radio technology to be used in the 5,795 GHz to 5,815 GHz frequency range for the remote
enforcement of the tachograph in the Commission Implementing Regulation 2016/799 [i.1] and for the weights &
dimensions enforcement in the Directive 2015/719 [i.14]. The present document comprises the regulated radio
requirements and use cases of this technology, and non-regulated characteristics of such systems. It refers to existing
frequency regulation and compatibility studies, as well as to other services operated in the same frequency band.
The present document is intended to be used as input for a compatibility study at CEPT to include the enforcement of
the digital tachograph and weights & dimensions in future frequency regulatory documents.
Introduction
The 5 GHz frequency band plays a key role in enforcing EU transport policy and contributes in several ways to road
safety and health & safety at work, fair competition and protecting road infrastructure. It plays a key role enforcing
social rules for drivers of heavy goods vehicles (HGV) [i.12]. The social rules require recording equipment in HGV, the
digital tachograph, which itself is specified in a separate piece of EU legislation [i.13]. Further EU rules for the weights
& dimensions of HGV [i.14] are enforced using the same technology and frequency band.
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6 ETSI TR 103 441 V1.1.1 (2018-09)
The electronic enforcement of the digital tachograph and weights & dimensions is done by a dedicated short range
communication technology (DSRC) specified by CEN in CEN EN 12253 [i.3]. The data stored in the digital tachograph
can be read out over a radio link from the vehicle unit (VU) when it is in the vicinity of an interrogator device, also
called Remote Early Detection Communication Reader (REDCR). DSRC is based on a passive backscatter technology
that exhibits excellent localization properties by sharply limiting the area where radio communication is possible. What
makes it possible to read out a distinct VU out of several others around, even when it is passing by at high speed and is
only for 100 ms in range.
ETSI
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7 ETSI TR 103 441 V1.1.1 (2018-09)
1 Scope
The present document provides information on the intended applications, the technical parameters, the relation to the
existing spectrum regulation and additional new radio spectrum requirements for communication equipment for the
smart tachograph application regulated in Regulation (EU) No. 165/2014 [i.13] and weights and dimensions for heavy
goods vehicles application regulated in Directive (EU) 2015/719 [i.14].
The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic
Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations
(CEPT), including:
• Detailed information about the market regulation (annex A).
• Technical information (annex B).
• Relation to existing spectrum regulation (annex C).
• Expected compatibility issues (annex D).
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/799 of 18 March 2016 implementing
Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the
requirements for the construction, testing, installation, operation and repair of tachographs and
their components.
[i.2] Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/502 of 28 February 2018 amending
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/799 laying down the requirements for the construction,
testing, installation, operation and repair of tachographs and their components.
[i.3] CEN EN 12253 (2004): "Road transport and traffic telematics - Dedicated short-range
communication - Physical layer using microwave at 5,8 GHz".
[i.4] CEN EN 13372 (2004): "Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) - Dedicated short-range
communication - Profiles for RTTT applications".
[i.5] ETSI EN 300 674-1 (2004): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)
transmission equipment (500 kbit/s / 250 kbit/s) operating in the 5,8 GHz Industrial, Scientific and
Medical (ISM) band; Part 1: General characteristics and test methods for Road Side Units (RSU)
and On-Board Units (OBU)".
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8 ETSI TR 103 441 V1.1.1 (2018-09)
[i.6] ETSI EN 300 674-2-1 (V2.1.1) (2016): "Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Dedicated Short
Range Communication (DSRC) transmission equipment (500 kbit/s / 250 kbit/s) operating in the
5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz frequency band; Part 2: Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Sub-part 1: Road Side Units (RSU)".
[i.7] ETSI EN 300 674-2-2 (V2.1.1) (2016): "Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Dedicated Short
Range Communication (DSRC) transmission equipment (500 kbit/s / 250 kbit/s) operating in the
5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz frequency band; Part 2: Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU; Sub-part 2: On-Board Units (OBU)".
[i.8] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.9] ETSI TR 102 654 (V1.1.1) (2009): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Co-location and Co-existence
Considerations regarding Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) transmission equipment
and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) operating in the 5 GHz frequency range and other
potential sources of interference".
[i.10] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 (2017): "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.11] Recommendation ITU-T K.52: "Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to
electromagnetic fields".
[i.12] Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on
the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport and amending Council
Regulations (EEC) No 3821/85 and (EC) No 2135/98 and repealing Council Regulation (EEC)
No 3820/85.
[i.13] Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 February 2014
on tachographs in road transport, repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 on recording
equipment in road transport and amending Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European
Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road
transport.
[i.14] Directive (EU) 2015/719 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015
amending Council Directive 96/53/EC laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the
Community the maximum authorised dimensions in national and international traffic and the
maximum authorised weights in international traffic.
[i.15] ACEA Report (2017): "Vehicles in use Europe".
NOTE: Available at https://www.acea.be/uploads/statistic_documents/ACEA_Report_Vehicles_in_use-
Europe_2017.pdf.
th
[i.16] ETSC PIN report 2013 (2014-02): "7 Annual PIN Report on Track to Reach the 2020 Target".
NOTE: Available at http://etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/PIN_Annual_report_2013_web.pdf.
[i.17] ETSC PRAISE report 7 (2011-10): "Tackling Fatigue: EU Social Rules and Heavy Goods Vehicle
Drivers".
NOTE: Available at http://archive.etsc.eu/documents/Report7_final.pdf.
[i.18] SafetyNet 2009: "Fatigue".
NOTE: Available at
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/specialist/knowledge/pdf/fatigue.pdf.
[i.19] ROSPA (2017-08): "Road Safety Factsheet".
NOTE: Available at https://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice-services/road-safety/drivers/driver-fatigue-
factsheet.pdf.
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9 ETSI TR 103 441 V1.1.1 (2018-09)
[i.20] HUK-Verband Büro für KfZ Technik, Langwieder, K. Sporner, A & Hell, W. (1994): "Struktur
der Unfälle mit Getöteten auf Autobahnen im Freistaat Bayern im Jahr 1991".
[i.21] ETSC (2001): "The Role of Driver Fatigue in Commercial Road Transport Crashes".
NOTE: Available at http://etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/The-role-of-driver-fatigue-in-commercial-road-transport-
crashes.pdf.
[i.22] ETSC (2013-10): "Position on the Proposal for a Directive Amending Directive 96/53/EC laying
down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorized
dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum weights in international traffic".
NOTE: Available at
http://archive.etsc.eu/documents/ETSC_Position_Amending_Weights_and_Dimensions_22_October_201
3.pdf.
[i.23] EC COM(2013) 195: "Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council
Amending Directive 96/53/EC laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the
Community the maximum authorized dimensions in national and international traffic and the
maximum weights in international traffic".
NOTE: Available at
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/com/com_com(2013)0195_/com_com(2
013)0195_en.pdf.
[i.24] WTO S/C/W/324 (2010-10): "Road Freight Transport Services".
NOTE: Available at https://docs.wto.org.
[i.25] EC (2016): "Ex-post evaluation of social legislation in road transport and its enforcement".
NOTE: Available at https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/facts-fundings/evaluations/doc/2016-ex-
post-eval-road-transport-social-legislation-final-report.pdf.
[i.26] Project Remove (2005-12): "Work Package 4 Cost-benefit Analysis".
NOTE: Available at http://www.is-wim.org/doc/remove_WP4_costbenefit_analysis.pdf.
[i.27] Council Regulation (EEC) 3820/85 of 20 December 1985 on the harmonization of certain social
legislation relating to road transport.
[i.28] Regulation (EC) 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the
harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport and amending Council
Regulations (EEC) No 3821/85 and (EC) No 2135/98 and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No
3820/85 (Text with EEA relevance) - Declaration.
[i.29] EC C(2011) 3759 Commission implementing Decision of 7.6.2011 on the calculation of daily
driving time in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of
the Council.
[i.30] Directive 2002/15/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2002 on the
organisation of the working time of persons performing mobile road transport activities.
[i.31] Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 laying down for certain road vehicles circulating
within the Community the maximum authorized dimensions in national and international traffic
and the maximum authorized weights in international traffic.
[i.32] ETSI EN 300 440 (V2.1.1) (03-2017): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipmen
...