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TECHNICAL REPORT
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);
LTE;
Measurement of radiated performance for Multiple Input
Multiple Output (MIMO) and multi-antenna reception
for High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and LTE terminals
(3GPP TR 37.976 version 15.0.0 Release 15)
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3GPP TR 37.976 version 15.0.0 Release 15 1 ETSI TR 137 976 V15.0.0 (2018-11)
Reference
RTR/TSGR-0437976vf00
Keywords
LTE,UMTS
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3GPP TR 37.976 version 15.0.0 Release 15 2 ETSI TR 137 976 V15.0.0 (2018-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
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Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or
GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables.
The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under
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Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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3GPP TR 37.976 version 15.0.0 Release 15 3 ETSI TR 137 976 V15.0.0 (2018-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 2
Foreword . 2
Modal verbs terminology . 2
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 7
4 Introduction . 7
4.1 Background . 7
4.2 Study item objective . 8
4.3 High Level Requirements . 8
4.4 Proposed work plan . 8
5 Performance Metrics . 11
5.1 Figure of Merits . 11
5.1.1 Definition of MIMO Throughput . 11
5.1.2 Definition of SNR . 11
5.1.2.1 Multiple probe antenna based method. 12
5.1.2.2 Reverberation chamber based method . 12
5.1.2.3 Two-stage method . 13
5.2 Receiver Performance Metrics . 13
6 Measurement Methodologies . 13
6.1 Fixed Reference Measurement Channels (FRCs) . 13
6.2 MIMO Channel Models . 13
6.3 Downlink Measurement Methodologies . 17
6.3.1 Methodologies based on Anechoic RF Chamber . 17
6.3.1.1 Candidate Solution 1 . 17
6.3.1.1.1 Concept and Configuration . 19
6.3.1.1.2 Test Conditions . 20
6.3.1.2 Candidate Solution 2 . 20
6.3.1.2.1 Concept and Configuration . 21
6.3.1.2.1A Scalability of the methodology . 22
6.3.1.2.2 Test Conditions . 23
6.3.1.3 Candidate Solution 3 . 24
6.3.1.3.1 Concept and Configuration . 24
6.3.1.3.2 Test Conditions . 26
6.3.1.4 Candidate Solution 4 . 26
6.3.1.4.1 Concept and Configuration . 26
6.3.1.5 Candidate Solution 5 . 28
6.3.1.5.1 Concept and Configuration . 28
6.3.1.5.2 Test Conditions . 30
6.3.1.Y Downlink Transmission Modes . 31
6.3.2 Methodologies based on Reverberation Chamber . 31
6.3.2.1 Candidate Solution 1 . 31
6.3.2.1.1 Concept and Configuration . 33
6.3.2.1.2 Test Conditions . 34
6.3.2.2 Candidate Solution 2 . 34
6.3.2.2.1 Concept and Configuration . 35
6.3.2.2.2 Test Conditions . 35
6.3.2.Y Downlink Transmission Modes . 36
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7 Measurement Results from COST2100 . 36
7.1 Reference Measurement Channels . 36
8 Measurement Results from CTIA . 36
8.1 Reference Measurement Channels . 36
9 Conclusions . 37
9.1 Comparison of Candidate Methodologies . 37
9.1.1 Definitions of rows in the table . 41
9.2 Lessons learnt and conclusions . 42
10 Recommendations . 43
Annex A (Informative): Test Plan for Anechoic Chamber based candidate methodologies
with 3 or more probe antennas . 45
A.1 Introduction . 45
A.2 Test setup . 45
A.2.1 Calibration . 46
A.2.1.1 Calibration Check . 46
A.2.2 Radio Channel Conditions . 47
A.2.2.1 Average channel power . 47
A.3 Test Procedure . 48
A.3.1 HSDPA connection settings . 48
A.3.1.1 FRC . 48
A.3.2 Method of test . 49
Annex B (Informative): LTE MIMO OTA Test Plan . 51
B.1 Test Objectives . 51
B.2 Test Setup . 51
B.2.1 Figure of Merits (FOMs) . 54
B.2.2 Channel Models . 55
B.2.3 Antenna Probes . 55
B.2.4 eNodeB Emulator Parameter Settings . 55
B.2.5 Reference DUTs Configurations . 57
B.3 Calibration of Test System . 57
B.3.1 Calibration Procedure for Anechoic-chamber based methodologies . 57
B.3.1.1 Probe power calibration . 58
B.3.1.2 Channel power calibration . 59
B.3.1.3 Calibration check . 59
B.3.2 Calibration Procedure for Reverberation-chamber based methodologies . 60
B.3.2.1. Tuning Reverberation Chamber to Specific Channel Model . 61
B.3.2.2.1 Reverberation Chamber Combined with Channel Emulator . 61
B.3.2.2 Average Path Loss Measurement . 61
B.3.3 Calibration Procedure for 2-Stage methodologies . 62
B.3.3.1 Antenna pattern measurement calibration in stage I . 62
B.3.3.3 Power calibration for results comparison from different OTA test methods . 64
B.3.4 Calibration Procedure for antenna pattern based methodologies . 64
B.3.5 Calibration Procedure for two-channel method . 65
B.4 Test Procedure . 65
B.4.1 Test Procedure 1 . 65
B.4.1A Test Procedure 1A (Reverberation Chamber Based Methodologies) . 67
B.4.2 Test Procedure 2 . 67
B.4.3 Test Procedure 3 (Antenna spatial correlation measurement) . 68
B.4.4 Test Procedure 4 (Two-stage throughput) . 69
B.4.5 Test Procedure 5 for two-channel method . 71
Annex C (informative): Change history . 72
History . 75
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Foreword
rd
This Technical Report has been produced by the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
ETSI
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3GPP TR 37.976 version 15.0.0 Release 15 6 ETSI TR 137 976 V15.0.0 (2018-11)
1 Scope
The present document is the technical report for the study item on MIMO OTA, which was approved at TSG RAN#43
[2]. The scope of the SI is to define a 3GPP methodology for measuring the radiated performance of multiple antenna
reception and MIMO receivers in the UE. The test methodology should be relevant for HSPA and LTE technologies,
with particular focus on handheld devices and devices embedded in laptop computers.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[1] 3GPP TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[2] RP-090352, “Proposed new study item: Measurement of radiated performance for MIMO and
multi-antenna reception for HSPA and LTE terminals.”
[3] TD(09) 766, COST2100 SWG 2.2, Braunschweig, Germany, Pekka Kyösti et. al. “Proposal for
standardized test procedure for OTA testing of multi-antenna terminals”, Elektrobit.
[4] 3GPP TS 34.114: “User Equipment (UE) / Mobile Station (MS) Over The Air (OTA) Antenna
Performance Conformance Testing”.
[5] 3GPP TS 25.214, “Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)”
[6] TD(09) 742, COST 2100 SWG 2.2, Braunschweig, Germany, February 2009, J. Takada, “Handset
MIMO Antenna Testing Using a RF-controlled Spatial Fading Emulator”.
[7] 3GPP TS 36.212, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Multiplexing and
channel coding”.
[8] 3GPP TS 36.213, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer
procedures”.
[9] CTIA, “Test Plan for Mobile Station Over the Air Performance - Method of Measurement for
Radiated RF Power and Receiver Performance”, Revision 3.0, 4/30/2009.
[10] 3GPP TS 36.101, “User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception”.
[11] 3GPP TR 25.914, “Measurements of radio performances for UMTS terminals in speech mode”.
[12] 3GPP TS 36.521-1, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception; Part 1: Conformance Testing”
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A
term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905 [1].
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
H Channel matrix
φ Adjacent probe separation angle
θ Zenith angle in the spherical co-ordinate system
φ Azimuth angle in the spherical co-ordinate system
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An
abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in
TR 21.905 [1].
AoA Angle of Arrival
AoD Angle of Departure
BS Base Station
BSE Base Station Emulator
BTS Base Transceiver Station
COST Cooperation of Scientific and Technical
CTIA Cellular and Telecommunication Industry Association
DL Downlink
DUT Device Under Test
FRC Fixed Reference Measurement Channel
FTP File Transfer Protocol
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
LTE Long Term Evolution
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
OTA Over-the-Air
SCM Spatial Channel Model
SCME Spatial Channel Model Extension
SI Study Item
SISO Single Input Single Output
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SS System Simulator
TBS Transport Block Size
TTI Transmission Time Interval
UE User Equipment
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UL Uplink
VRC Variable Reference Measurement Channel
4 Introduction
4.1 Background
The use of MIMO and receiver diversity in the UE is expected to give large gains in downlink throughput performance
for HSPA and LTE devices. 3GPP already defined conducted tests for MIMO and multiple antenna receivers (type 1
and type 3 in TS25.101 for HSPA demodulation), but it is clear that the ability to duplicate these gains in the field is
highly dependent on the performance of the receive-antenna system.
At TSG RAN#41, it was indicated that there is a need for a test methodology to be created with the aim of measuring
and verifying the radiated performance of multi-antenna and MIMO receiver in UEs for both HSPA and LTE devices.
As an outcome of the discussion, an LS was sent to COST 2100 SWG2.2 and CTIA ERP to ask them for feedback on
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their plans/ongoing work in this area, and also the timescales for which such work could be completed to define such a
methodology, with particular focus on handheld devices and devices embedded in laptop computers.
Since then, feedback from COST 2100 and CTIA has suggested they are happy to work on this topic. However given
that 3GPP is the customer for this work as well as being a potential contributor, it is important to aim for commonly-
accepted measurement and test methodology to be used across the industry.
4.2 Study item objective
The high level objective of this study item is to define a 3GPP methodology for measuring the radiated performance of
multiple antenna reception and MIMO receivers in the UE. The test methodology should be relevant for HSPA and LTE
technologies, with particular focus on handheld devices and devices embedded in laptop computers.
The steps intended to achieve this involve the following:
1) Identify the performance metrics and clarify the requirements of operators for defining such a methodology.
2) Review of potential solutions also considering input from CTIA ERP and COST 2100.
3) Agree the final solution, and detail the agreed 3GPP solution in a technical report to be reported to RAN plenary.
4) Maintain ongoing communication with COST 2100 and CTIA ERP to ensure industry coordination on this topic.
TSG RAN should contact TSG GERAN to get feedback on the applicability of such a test methodology for GERAN.
4.3 High Level Requirements
The following high level requirements are agreed by RAN4:
1. Measurement of radiated performance for MIMO and multi-antenna reception for HSPA and LTE terminals
must be performed over-the-air, i.e. without RF cable connections to the DUT.
NOTE 1: DUTs to the test house will have accessibility to temporary antenna port for conducted purposes.
NOTE 2: Temporary antenna port is used to assess to DUT receiver.
NOTE 3: UE special function to measure antenna pattern is not desirable for MIMO OTA purposes.
2. The MIMO OTA method(s) must be able to differentiate between a good terminal and a bad terminal in terms of
MIMO OTA performance.
3. The desired primary Figure of Merit (FOM) is throughput.
4.4 Proposed work plan
Figure 4.4-1 illustrates the work p
...