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TECHNICAL REPORT
System Reference document (SRdoc);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR);
Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology
in the frequency range 0,1 kHz to 130 MHz
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2 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
Reference
DTR/ERM-569
Keywords
measurement, radio, SRD, SRDOC
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3 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Void . 12
5 Presentation of the system or technology . 12
5.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology . 12
5.2 Examples of existing applications . 13
5.2.1 Medical nuclear magnetic resonance imaging / tomography . 13
5.2.2 Study the structure of molecules . 14
5.2.3 Geophysical applications . 14
5.3 Future NMR Applications . 14
5.3.1 General . 14
5.3.2 NMR mobile devices . 14
5.3.3 NMR fixed appliances . 15
5.3.4 The societal benefits . 15
6 Market information. 15
7 Technical information . 15
7.1 Detailed technical description . 15
7.1.1 Dependencies of magnetic resonance frequency . 15
7.1.2 Range of magnetic resonance frequency . 16
7.1.3 Variance of magnetic resonance frequency . 17
7.1.4 Time signals and resulting spectrum . 18
7.1.5 B1 Coil types . 22
7.1.6 B1 Coil straw field . 24
7.1.7 Coil radiation efficiency . 25
7.1.8 Example of an Enclosed NMR sensor . 26
7.2 Technical parameters and implications on spectrum . 27
7.2.1 Status of technical parameters . 27
7.2.1.1 Current ITU and European Common Allocations . 27
7.2.1.2 Sharing and compatibility studies (if any) already available . 27
7.2.1.3 Sharing and compatibility issues still to be considered . 28
7.2.2 Transmitter parameters . 28
7.3 Information on relevant standard(s) . 29
8 Radio spectrum request and justification . 30
9 Regulations . 30
9.1 Current regulations . 30
9.1.1 CEPT/EU regulation for Short Range Devices . 30
9.1.2 ISM regulations . 31
9.1.2.1 ITU-R . 31
9.1.2.2 CISPR 11 . 31
ETSI
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4 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
9.1.2.3 Regulation of NMR Benchtop devices today . 34
9.1.3 FCC [i.75] Part 18, ISM . 35
9.1.3.1 §18.107 Definitions . 35
9.1.3.2 §18.301 Operating frequencies . 35
9.1.3.3 §18.303 Prohibited frequency bands . 36
9.1.3.4 §18.305 Field strength limits . 36
9.2 Proposed regulation . 37
Annex A: ITU allocations . 38
Annex B: Essential parts of CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 . 65
Annex C: Occupied Bandwidth Calculation . 68
History . 69
ETSI
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5 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document contains necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The present document provides information about applications and technical background of Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR) systems. The current frequency regulation is shown. A request for clarification for allocation and
regulation of NMR devices is placed.
Introduction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) systems are applicable for a huge spectrum of applications. For NMR systems in
focus of the present document, neither the frequency regulation is clear, nor are frequency allocations available for a
wide range of NMR applications.
ETSI
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6 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
1 Scope
The present document provides information on NMR systems operating in the frequency range below 130 MHz.
It deals only with NMR systems using earth magnetic field strength of rare earth magnets and electromagnets and not
with superconducting magnets. This limits the maximum static magnetic field strength to less than 3 Tesla. As a direct
result, the maximum proton nuclear magnetic resonance is limited to less than 130 MHz. The minimum nuclear
resonances of nuclei in scope are below 1 kHz in earth magnetic field.
There are two types of NMR devices:
1) "enclosed NMR sensor": Material under Test is put inside the device;
2) "open NMR sensor":
- material under Test is placed on the device;
- opened to one side for measurement of building materials like a GPR or WPR generating wanted field
emission at the sensor boundaries;
- opened 360°, e.g. like a pole inside a Material under Test generating wanted field emission at the sensor
boundaries;
- there is no enclosure around the sensor, called "open NMR sensor".
Only "enclosed NMR" sensors" are in the scope of the present document.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Tomography (MRT) systems are out of scope.
It reviews the present regulations for NMR systems (if any), the related markets and the evolution of the technology and
it identifies limits for NMR systems operating below 130 MHz.
The present document contains the necessary information to support the possible co-existence and compatibility studies
to be conducted by the CEPT/ECC, including:
• market information;
• technical information;
• regulatory issues.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] EC Decision 2013/752/EU: "Decision on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-
range devices".
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7 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
[i.2] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 (5 October 2018): "Relating to the use of Short Range
Devices (SRD)".
[i.3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance (04-12-2018).
[i.4] https://www.bruker.com/de/products/mr/nmr.html.
[i.5] ETSI EN 300 330 (V2.1.1) (2017-02): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range 9 kHz to
25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz". .
[i.6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyromagnetic_ratio latest version of 28-11-2018.
[i.7] CISPR 11 (2017-03): "Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.8] DS Simulia CST version 2017 3D Electromagnetic field simulation software help on "power
view".
[i.9] Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
making available on the market of radio equipment.
[i.10] ITU Radio Regulations Articles Edition 2016.
[i.11] ERC report 25 (October 2017): "The European table of frequency allocations and applications in
the frequency range 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz (ECA TABLE)".
[i.12] ECC Report 001 (February 2002): "Compatibility between inductive LF and HF RFID transponder
and other radio communications systems in the frequency ranges 135-148.5 kHz, 4.78-8.78 MHz
and 11.56-15.56 MHz".
[i.13] ECC Report 007 (February 2002): "Compatibility between inductive LF RFID systems and radio
communications systems in the frequency range 135-148.5 kHz".
[i.14] ECC Report 012 (October 2002): "Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implant systems
(ULP-AMI)".
[i.15] ECC Report 024 (May 2003): "PLT, DSL, CABLE communications (Including CABLE TV),
LANS and their effect on radio services".
[i.16] ECC Report 064 (February 2005): "The protection requirements of radiocommunication systems
below 10.6 GHz from generic UWB applications".
[i.17] ECC Report 067 (October 2005): "Compatibility study for generic limits for the emission levels of
inductive SRDs below 30 MHz".
[i.18] ERC Report 069 (February 1999): "Propagation Model And Interference Range Calculation. For
Inductive Systems 10 kHz - 30 MHz".
[i.19] ECC Report 073 (October 2005): "Compatibility of SRD in the FM radio broadcasting band".
[i.20] ERC Report 074 (May 1999): "Compatibility Between Radio Frequency Identification Devices
(RFID) and The Radio astronomy Service At 13 MHz".
[i.21] ECC Report 081 (May 2006): "The coexistence between Ultra Low Power - Animal Implant
Devices (ULP-AID) operating in the frequency band 12.5-20 MHz and existing
radiocommunication systems".
[i.22] ECC Report 098 (February 2007): "Studying the compatibility issues of the UIC EUROLOOP
system with other systems in the frequency band 9.5 to 17.5 MHz".
[i.23] ECC Report 135 (September 2009): "Inductive limits in the frequency range 9 kHz to 148.5 kHz".
[i.24] ECC Report 181 (September 2012): "Improving spectrum efficiency in SRD bands".
[i.25] ECC Report 208 (January 2014): "Impact of RFID devices on radio services in the band
13.56 MHz".
ETSI
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8 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
[i.26] ERC Report 044 (January 1997): "Sharing inductive systems and radiocommunication systems in
the band 9-135 kHz".
[i.27] ERC Report 092 (June 2000): "Sharing inductive Short Range Devices and radio communication
systems in 10.2-11 MHz".
[i.28] ERC Report 095 (June 2000): "The use of 3155-3400 kHz for general inductive applications".
[i.29] ERC Report 096 (June 2000): "The use of 290-300 kHz and 500-510 kHz for general inductive
applications".
[i.30] ITU-R Report SM.2180-0 (2010): "Impact of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) equipment
on radio communication services".
[i.31] Recommendation ITU-R SM.2028 (09/2012): "Protection distance calculation between inductive
systems and radio communication services using frequencies below 30 MHz".
[i.32] ETSI EN 300 220-1 (V3.1.1) (2017-02): "Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency
range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement".
[i.33] ETSI EN 300 220-2 (V3.1.1) (2017-02): "Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency
range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 2: Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU for non specific radio equipment".
[i.34] ETSI EN 300 422-1 (V2.1.2) (2017-01): "Wireless Microphones; Audio PMSE up to 3 GHz;
Part 1: Class A Receivers; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2
of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.35] ETSI EN 300 422-4 (V2.1.1) (2017-05): "Wireless Microphones; Audio PMSE up to 3 GHz;
Part 4: Assistive Listening Devices including personal sound amplifiers and inductive systems up
to 3 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
[i.36] ETSI EN 300 433 (V2.1.1) (2016-05): "Citizens' Band (CB) radio equipment; Harmonised
Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.37] ETSI ETS 300 718 (1997-03): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Avalanche beacons;
Transmitter-receiver systems".
[i.38] ETSI EN 300 718-1 (V2.1.1) (2018-01): "Avalanche Beacons operating at 457 kHz; Transmitter-
receiver systems; Part 1: Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum".
[i.39] ETSI EN 302 065-1 (V2.1.1) (2016-11): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the
Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 1: Requirements for Generic UWB applications".
[i.40] ETSI EN 302 066 (V2.1.1) (2017-01): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing
Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.41] ETSI EN 302 195 (V2.1.1) (2016-06): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Ultra Low Power Active
Medical Implants (ULP-AMI) and accessories (ULP-AMI-P) operating in the frequency range
9 kHz to 315 kHz".
[i.42] ETSI EN 302 510-1 (V1.1.1) (2007-07): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Radio equipment in the frequency range 30 MHz to 37,5 MHz for Ultra Low
Power Active Medical Membrane Implants and Accessories; Part 1: Technical characteristics and
test methods".
[i.43] ETSI EN 302 536 (V2.1.1) (2017-10): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment operating
in the frequency range 315 kHz to 600 kHz for Ultra Low Power Animal Implantable Devices
(ULP-AID) and associated peripherals; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.44] ETSI EN 302 608 (V2.1.1) (2017-11): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment for
Eurobalise railway systems; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
ETSI
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9 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
[i.45] ECC/DEC/(05)02: "The designation and availability of frequency bands for railway purposes in
the 876-880 MHz and 921-925 MHz bands".
[i.46] EC Decision 2014/641/EU: "Commission Implementing Decision of 1 September 2014 on
harmonised technical conditions of radio spectrum use by wireless audio programme making and
special events equipment in the Union (notified under document C(2014) 6011) Text with EEA
relevance".
[i.47] ECC/DEC/(06)08: "ECC Decision of 1 December 2006: The conditions for use of the radio
spectrum by Ground- and Wall- probing radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.48] ECC/DEC(11)02: "Industrial Level Probing Radars (LPR) operating in frequency bands
6 - 8.5 GHz, 24.05 - 26.5 GHz, 57 - 64 GHz and 75 - 85 GHz".
[i.49] Recommendation 74-01E (2001): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.50] Decision (11)03 (17 June 2016): "The harmonised use of frequencies for Citizens' Band (CB)
radio equipment".
[i.51] ECC/DEC/(06)04 (amended 9 December 2011): "The harmonised conditions for devices using
Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology in bands below 10.6 GHz".
[i.52] ECC/DEC/(07)01 (Corrected 18 November 2016): "Building Material Analysis (BMA) devices
using UWB technology".
[i.53] ECC/REC/(11)09 (Amended 22 May 2015): "UWB Location Tracking Systems TYPE 2 (LT2)".
[i.54] ECC/REC/(11)10 (21 October 2011): "Location tracking application for emergency and disaster
situations (LAES)".
[i.55] ERC Rec 62-01 (1997): "Use of the Band 135.7-137.8 kHz by the Amateur Service".
[i.56] ERC/DEC(01)11 (Updated 17 November 2017): "Short Range Devices for Flying Model Control
in 34.995-35.225 MHz".
[i.57] ERC/DEC(01)12 (Updated 17 November 2017): "Short Range Devices for Model Control in
40.665, 40.675, 40.685 and 40.695 MHz".
[i.58] 2007/346/EC: "Granting a derogation requested by France pursuant to Decision 2006/804/EC on
harmonisation of the radio spectrum for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices operating
in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band".
[i.59] 2008/432/EC: "Amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use
by short-range devices".
[i.60] 2009/343/EC: "Amending the Decision 2007/131/EC on the harmonised use of the radio spectrum
for equipment using UWB technology".
[i.61] 2009/381/EC: "Amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use
by SRD".
[i.62] 2010/368/EU: "Amending the Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for
use by SRD".
[i.63] 2011/829/EU: "Amending Decision 2006/771/EC on the harmonisation of the radio spectrum for
use by SRD".
[i.64] 2014/702/EU: "Amending 2007/131/EC on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment
using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in the Community".
[i.65] 2017/1438/EU: "Amending Decision 2007/131/EC on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for
equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in the Community".
[i.66] 2017/1483/EU: "Amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use
by SRD and repealing Decision 2006/804/EC".
ETSI
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10 ETSI TR 103 517 V1.1.1 (2018-12)
[i.67] Directive 2014/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility.
[i.68] Directive 2014/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits.
[i.69] Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on the
restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.
[i.70] IEC EN 61010-1:2010: "Safety Requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use".
[i.71] IEC EN 61326-1:2013: "Electrical equipment for measurement, measurement, control and
laboratory use. EMC requirements".
[i.72] BS EN 50581:2012: "Assessment of electrical and electronic products with respect to the RoHS".
[i.73] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1056-1 (1994-2007): "Limitation of radiation from industrial,
scientific and medical (ISM) equipment".
[i.74] FCC Rules & Regulations for Title 47 06-12-2018.
NOTE: Available at: https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/technologies-systems-and-innovation-
division/rules-regulations-title-47.
[i.75] IEC 60601-1-2: "Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential
performance - Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic disturbances - Requirements and tests".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
coil radiation efficiency: power applied into a coil converted to a straw field strength outside of the measurement
volume of the NMR sensor
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): measurement technique using nuclear magnetic resonance excitation and
response of a materia
...