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TECHNICAL REPORT
System Reference document (SRdoc);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);
Transmission characteristics;
Technical characteristics for SRD equipment
using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB);
Radiodetermination application within
the frequency range 120 GHz to 260 GHz
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2 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
Reference
DTR/ERM-564
Keywords
radio, SRdoc, UWB
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3 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Comments on the System Reference Document . 9
4.1 Statements by ETSI Members . 9
5 Presentation of the system and technology . 9
5.1 Use cases for future sensor systems . 9
5.1.0 General . 9
5.1.1 Object detection, classification and characterization . 11
5.1.1.1 Quality assessment . 11
5.1.1.2 Contour detection . 11
5.1.2 Motion, speed and presence detection . 12
5.1.2.1 Microwave barrier sensing . 12
5.1.2.2 Living object detection and surveillance . 13
5.1.2.3 Contactless flow measurement . 14
5.1.2.4 Gesture control and recognition . 14
5.1.3 Distance measurement . 15
5.1.3.1 Level probing . 15
5.1.3.2 High precision distance measurements for linear rails or pneumatic/hydraulic cylinders . 16
5.1.4 Displacement measurement . 16
5.1.4.1 Thickness Measurements . 16
5.1.4.2 Building deformation measurements with interferometric Radar . 17
5.2 Publicly funded projects and available technologies . 19
5.2.1 SUCCESS-project . 19
5.2.2 RF2THz SiSoC project . 19
5.2.3 NANOTEC project . 19
5.2.4 DOTFIVE project . 20
6 Market information. 20
6.1 Overview . 20
6.2 Market potential for thickness measurement sensors in the plastic pipes production industry . 21
7 Technical information . 21
7.1 Detailed technical description . 21
7.1.0 General information . 21
7.1.1 Transmitter Parameters . 22
7.1.1.1 Permitted frequency range of operation . 22
7.1.1.2 Operating bandwidth . 22
7.1.1.3 Transmitter emissions within the operating bandwidths . 23
7.1.1.4 Transmitter (unwanted) emissions outside the operating bandwidths . 24
7.1.1.5 Other emissions . 24
7.1.2 Receiver Parameters . 25
7.1.2.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 25
7.1.2.2 Interferer signal handling . 25
7.1.3 Antenna requirements . 25
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4 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
7.1.4 Mitigation techniques . 26
7.1.4.0 General information . 26
7.1.4.1 Adaptive power control (APC) . 26
7.1.4.2 Activity factor (AF) and duty cycle (DC) . 26
7.1.4.3 Frequency domain mitigation. 27
7.1.4.4 Shielding effects . 27
7.1.4.5 Detect And Avoid (DAA) . 27
7.1.4.6 Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) . 28
7.1.4.7 Equivalent mitigation techniques . 28
7.2 Status of technical parameters . 29
7.2.1 Current ITU and European Common Allocations . 29
7.2.2 Sharing and compatibility studies already available . 34
7.2.3 Sharing and compatibility issues still to be considered. 34
7.3 Information on relevant standards . 35
8 Radio spectrum request and justification . 35
9 Regulations . 37
9.1 Current regulations . 37
9.2 Proposed regulation . 38
Annex A: Commercially available sensor systems . 39
A.1 (Tank) level probing Radar . 39
A.1.0 General . 39
A.1.1 Level measurement in wood pellet silos . 40
A.1.2 Sea level measurement at the harbour wall . 41
Annex B: Bibliography . 42
Annex C: Change History . 43
History . 44
ETSI
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5 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT).
The present document covers the request for harmonised spectrum for sensor or radiodetermination applications using
UWB technology within the frequency range 120 GHz to 260 GHz. Communications applications or hybrid
applications as a combination of sensor and communications applications are not treated within the scope of the present
document.
A need for additional spectrum allocations for UWB radiodetermination devices was identified in order to cover
measurement tasks which cannot be conducted adequately at the moment due to the limited bandwidth in the existing
frequency allocations in the bands 122 GHz - 123 GHz and 244 GHz - 246 GHz although the UWB technology is
already available to do so. Therefore a lot of applications with their market potential could be identified and
summarized.
The intention of the production of the present document is to create a basis for the industry to facilitate the market
launch of new innovative and useful radio products while avoiding any harmful interference with other radio services
and equipment.
The present document was developed by ERM TGUWB. The information in it has not yet undergone coordination by
ERM. It contains preliminary information.
ETSI
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6 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
1 Scope
The present document describes UWB radiodetermination applications within the frequency range 120 GHz to 260 GHz
which may require a change of the present frequency designation/utilization within CEPT. The described UWB
radiodetermination applications for future systems are split into the following classes and use cases:
• object detection and classification/characterization;
• motion, speed and presence detection;
• distance measurement;
• displacement measurement.
The present document includes in particular:
• market information;
• technical information including expected sharing and compatibility issues;
NOTE: The information on sharing and compatibility issues is required when new spectrum or new spectrum
usage is requested.
• regulatory issues.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT ECC Report 139: "Impact of Level Probing Radars Using Ultra-Wideband Technology on
Radiocommunications Services", Rottach-Egern, February 2010.
[i.2] ETSI EN 302 372 (V2.1.1) (10-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Tank Level Probing Radar
(TLPR) equipment operating in the frequency ranges 4,5 GHz to 7 GHz, 8,5 GHz to 10,6 GHz,
24,05 GHz to 27 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to 85 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the
essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 729 (V2.1.1) (10-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Level Probing Radar (LPR)
equipment operating in the frequency ranges 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz, 57 GHz
to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to 85 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.4] ETSI TS 103 361 (V1.1.1) (03-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Receiver technical requirements, parameters and measurement procedures to
fulfil the requirements of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
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7 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
[i.5] FP7-ICT - Specific Programme: "Cooperation": Information and communication technologies;
Topic: ICT-2009.3.2 - Design of semiconductor components and electronic based miniaturized
systems.
[i.6] SUCCESS: "Silicon-based Ultra Compact Cost-Efficient System Design for mmWave-Sensors".
NOTE: Available at https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/93756/factsheet/en.
[i.7] CATRENE: "Cluster for Application and Technology Research in Europe on NanoElectronics".
NOTE: Available at http://www.catrene.org.
[i.8] NANOTEC: "Nanostructured materials and RF-MEMS RFIC/MMIC technologies for highly
adaptive and reliable RF-systems".
NOTE: Available at http://project-nanotec.com/.
[i.9] DOTFIVE: "Towards 0.5 TeraHertz Silicon/Germanium Heterojunction bipolar technology".
NOTE: Available at http://www.dotfive.eu.
[i.10] ITU-R Radio Regulations Articles (2016).
[i.11] ETSI EN 305 550 (V2.1.0): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 40
GHz to 246 GHz frequency range".
[i.12] ETSI EN 303 883 (V1.1.1) (09-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
(UWB); Measurement Techniques".
[i.13] CEPT ECC Report 190 (May 2013): "Compatibility between Short-Range Devices (SRD) and
EESS (passive) in the 122 to 122.25 GHz band".
[i.14] ETSI EN 301 783 (V2.1.1) (01-2016): "Commercially available amateur radio equipment;
Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive
2014/53/EU".
[i.15] ERC Recommendation 70-03 (13 October 2017): "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices
(SRD)".
[i.16] Google Soli Project.
NOTE: Available at https://atap.google.com/soli/.
[i.17] ETSI TR 103 181-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Transmission characteristics; Part 2:
UWB mitigation techniques".
[i.18] ETSI TS 102 754 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics of Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) mitigation
techniques for SRD equipment using Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology".
[i.19] Klenner, Mathias: "Multilayer Material Analysis using an Active Millimeter Wave Imaging
System". International Radar Symposium, 2013.
[i.20] CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 74-01E (January 2011): "Unwanted Emissions in the Spurious
Domain".
[i.21] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.22] ECC Recommendation (18)01 (27 April 2018): "Radio frequency/block arrangements for Fixed
Service systems operating in the bands 103-134 GHz, 141-148.5 GHz, 151.5-164 GHz and 167-
174.8 GHz".
[i.23] ECC Report 282: "Point-to-Point Radio Links in the Frequency Ranges 92-114.25 GHz and 130-
174.8 GHz", approved 14 September 2018
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8 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 303 883 [i.12], ETSI TS 103 361 [i.4] and the
following apply:
Activity Factor (AF): activity factor of a radiodetermination device is usually defined as the ratio of active
measurement periods t (bursts, sweeps, scans) within the overall repetitive measurement cycle T
meas meas_cycle
Adaptive Power Control (APC): adaptive power control is an automatic mechanism to regulate the transmitter power
NOTE: It is controlled by the received power within the total receiver bandwidth.
blocking distance: blocking distance is the minimum distance from the target to the antenna of a distance measurement
Radar (DMR) sensor which is at least necessary in order to guarantee a reliable measurement
NOTE: If the distance to the target falls below the blocking distance, the measurement may fail because the
sensor is less sensitive or "blind" at closer ranges.
Duty Cycle (DC): product of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and the pulse duration t
pulse
Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power fed into the
antenna" and "antenna gain related to the isotropic radiator"
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW): modulation scheme which is based on a periodically linear
frequency sweep of the transmit signal.
NOTE 1: For distance measurement sensors often a sawtooth or a triangular modulation scheme is used. By mixing
the current transmit signal with the reflected signal the round trip time of the individual echoes and thus
the distance of the different targets can be determined.
NOTE 2: Although the instantaneous bandwidth of a FMCW Radar is close to zero the recorded power versus time
variation results in a wideband spectrum which is clearly not pulsed.
Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW): in contrast to the FMCW principle the transmit frequency in an
SFCW modulation scheme is not swept in a linear manner but rather in a stepped way with defined frequency
increments and with a certain dwell time on each individual frequency step
NOTE: Although the instantaneous bandwidth of an SFCW Radar is close to zero the recorded power versus time
variation results in a wideband spectrum which is clearly not pulsed.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
f lowest frequency of the operating bandwidth
L
f highest frequency of the operating bandwidth
H
t active measurement time segment
meas
overall repetitive measurement cycle time (including possible idle time segments)
Tmeas_cycle
t pulse duration in a pulsed system or the duration of an individual frequency step in an SFCW
pulse
modulation scheme
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AF Activity Factor
APC Adaptive Power Control
CAGR Cumulative Annual Growth Rate
ETSI
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9 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
CEPT Conférence européenne des administrations des postes et des télécommunications
DAA Detect And Avoid
DC Duty Cycle
DMR Distance Measurement Radar
DUT Device Under Test
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communication Committee
EESS Earth Exploration Service Satellite
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FSL Free Space Loss
GBSAR Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar
HPBW Half Power BeamWidth
IC Integrated Circuit
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union - Radio Sector
LBT Listen Before Talk
LPR Level Probing Radar
MMW MilliMetre Wave
PMMA PolyMethylMethAcrylate
PMP PolyMethylPentene
POM PolyOxyMethylene
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PVC PolyVinyl Chloride
RAS Radio Astronomy Station
RF Radio Frequency
Rx Receiver
SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar
SFCW Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave
SoC System on Chip
SRD Short Range Device
SUP Supplementary Details
TGUWB Task Group Ultra-wide Band
TLPR Tank Level Probing Radar
Tx Transmitter
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
USD United States Dollar
UWB Ultra Wide Band
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
4 Comments on the System Reference Document
4.1 Statements by ETSI Members
No statements or comments have been issued by ETSI members.
5 Presentation of the system and technology
5.1 Use cases for future sensor systems
5.1.0 General
Microwaves travel at the speed of light and this speed is essentially constant under a variety of different environmental
conditions. This makes the use of microwaves a very robust measuring principle which is preferred when high accuracy
is required and environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, etc., may vary.
ETSI
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10 ETSI TR 103 498 V1.1.1 (2019-02)
Some of the main advantages of microwave technology for all kinds of sensors are therefore:
• high measurement accuracy;
• high repeatability;
• robust measuring performance in a variety of environmental- and process conditions;
• high reliability;
• minimum or even no maintenance requirements and wear as a result of no moving parts;
• easy installation;
• non-contact measuring principle provides a high independency of ambient conditions or process properties;
• superior long-term stability resulting from self-calibration mechanisms since devices have always stable
internal references which are independent of temperature or humidity;
• efficient handling of many devices due to the support of different interfaces;
• the antenna or the radome is usually very robust against contamination with dust, dirt or other adverse
environmental influences.
All these factors combined pr
...