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TECHNICAL REPORT
System Reference document (SRdoc);
Fixed and in-motion Earth stations communicating
with satellites in non-geostationary orbits
in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency band
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2 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Reference
DTR/ERM-532
Keywords
broadband, satellite, SRdoc
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3 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Executive summary . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Comments on the System Reference Document . 9
5 Presentation of the system . 9
6 Market information. 10
7 Technical information . 12
7.0 General . 12
7.1 Detailed technical description . 12
7.2 Technical parameters and implications on spectrum . 13
7.2.0 General . 13
7.2.1 Status of technical parameters . 14
7.2.1.1 Current ITU and European Common Allocations . 14
7.2.1.2 Sharing and compatibility studies . 14
7.2.2 Transmitter parameters . 17
7.2.2.0 General . 17
7.2.2.1 Transmitter Output Power/Radiated Power . 18
7.2.2.2 Operating Frequency . 18
7.2.2.3 Bandwidth . 18
7.2.2.4 Spurious emissions . 18
7.2.3 Receiver parameters . 18
7.2.4 Channel access parameters . 19
7.2.5 User terminal parameters required for compatibility assessments . 20
7.3 Information on relevant standard(s) . 22
8 Radio spectrum request and justification . 22
9 Regulations . 23
9.1 Current regulations . 23
9.2 Proposed regulation and justification . 25
History . 27
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4 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
Satellite systems in non-geostationary orbits in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency band and in Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
plan to provide high-quality, broadband Internet access to small low-cost user terminals located anywhere on the Earth.
The user terminals will be either a fixed Earth station, or Earth Stations In Motion (ESIMs), which have similar
characteristics as existing terminals operating to geostationary satellite systems.
The service provided by these LEO constellations will be comparable in quality to the terrestrial broadband services
available in densely populated areas of developed countries today (i.e. high data volume, high data rates/speed and low
latency). In addition, because the LEO satellites operate at a much lower altitude (e.g. 800 km to 1 400 km) than GSO
satellites (i.e. 36 000 km), users on LEO satellite systems will experience round trip delay for the space related path of
less than 30 milliseconds, which is about 16 times to 17 times lower than that of geostationary satellites (480 ms to
530 ms). The latency offered by LEO systems is comparable with terrestrial technologies. Non geostationary satellite
systems deployed in low Earth orbits can also offer very large throughput, thereby bringing very high speed
connectivity to the users consistent with the terrestrial high speed broadband services.
The satellite applications to fixed Earth stations and ESIMs of non-geostationary systems operate within the Fixed
Satellite Service (FSS) at frequency bands 10,7 GHz to 12,75 GHz (space to Earth), 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz and
14,0 GHz to 14,5 GHz (Earth to space). Both fixed Earth stations and ESIMs operate with low EIRP (aggregate EIRP of
less than 40 dBW per carrier) and use antennas that track continuously the satellites in non-geostationary orbits.
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5 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Introduction
The present document has been developed as a contribution to the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic
Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
(CEPT).
It is intended to describe the system requirements based on the technology developed for a non-geostationary satellite
system, polar orbiting constellation, in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands that provides broadband services to
fixed and in-motion Earth stations. The requirements provide a basis for industry to quickly implement an innovative
and efficient system within Europe, as a part of a global system, while avoiding harmful interference with other services
and systems.
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1 Scope
The present document describes a system designed to provide broadband communication to fixed and in-motion Earth
stations from a NGSO satellite system operating in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency band. The present document may
be used as a reference to a regulatory framework being developed by the CEPT in connection with such NGSO satellite
systems, thus providing additional information to support the framework for free circulation and exemption from
individual licensing of fixed or in motions earth stations.
These satellite systems will allow the deployment of cost effective and spectrum efficient solutions that will offer the
possibility of extending affordable broadband services to all parts of the world, particularly the rural and remote areas,
where high speed broadband services are not readily available, thus addressing the digital divide of many nations.
The present document also includes, in particular:
• Market information.
• Technical information.
• Regulatory matters.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT European Common Allocation Table (ECA Table) in ERC Report 25.
[i.2] ETSI EN 301 428: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Very
Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT); Transmit-only, transmit/receive or receive-only satellite earth
stations operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.3] ECC Report 66: "Protection of aircraft from satellite earth stations operating on the ground in the
vicinity of airfields".
[i.4] ETSI EN 303 980: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for fixed
and in-motion Earth Stations communicating with non-geostationary satellite systems (NEST) in
the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
[i.5] ETSI EN 302 186: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for satellite
mobile Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering
the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
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7 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
[i.6] ETSI EN 301 459: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Satellite
Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in
geostationary orbit, operating in the 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] ETSI EN 301 360: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Satellite
Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in
geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 29,5 GHz frequency bands covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.8] ETSI EN 301 430: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Satellite
News Gathering Transportable Earth Stations (SNG TES) operating in the 11 GHz to 12 GHz/
13 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the
Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.9] ETSI EN 302 340: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for satellite
Earth Stations on board Vessels (ESVs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands allocated
to the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the
Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.10] ETSI EN 302 977: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Vehicle-
Mounted Earth Stations (VMES) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the
essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.11] ETSI EN 301 427: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for low data
rate Mobile satellite Earth Stations (MES) except aeronautical mobile satellite earth stations,
operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2
of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.12] ETSI EN 302 448: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for tracking
Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the
essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.13] ECC/DEC/(06)02: "Decision of 24 March 2006 on Exemption from Individual Licensing of low
e.i.r.p. satellite terminals (LEST) operating within the frequency bands 10.70 - 12.75 GHz or
19.70 - 20.20 GHz Space-to-Earth and 14.00 - 14.25 GHz or 29.50 - 30.00 GHz Earth-to-Space".
[i.14] ECC/DEC/(06)03: "Decision of 24 March 2006 on Exemption from Individual Licensing of high
e.i.r.p. satellite terminals (HEST) operating within the frequency bands 10.70 - 12.75 GHz or
19.70 - 20.20 GHz space-to-Earth and 14.00 -14.25 GHz or 29.50 - 30.00 GHz Earth-to-space".
[i.15] ECC/DEC/(05)10: "ECC Decision of 24 June 2005 on the free circulation and use of Earth
Stations on board Vessels operating in fixed satellite service networks in the frequency bands
14-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space), 10.7-11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 12.5-12.75 GHz (space-to-
Earth)".
[i.16] ECC/DEC/(05)11: "The free circulation and use of Aircraft Earth Stations (AES) in the frequency
bands 14.0-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space), 10.7-11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 12.5-12.75 GHz
(space-to-Earth)".
[i.17] ECC/DEC/(13)01: "The harmonised use, free circulation and exemption from individual licensing
of Earth Stations On Mobile Platforms (ESOMPs) with in the frequency bands 17.3-20.2 GHz and
27.5-30.0 GHz".
[i.18] ECC/DEC/(15)04: "The harmonised use, free circulation and exemption from individual licensing
of Land and Maritime Earth Stations On Mobile Platforms (ESOMPs) operating with NGSO FSS
satellite systems in the frequency ranges 17.3-20.2 GHz, 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30.0 GHz".
[i.19] ECC/DEC/(17)04: "The harmonised use and exemption from individual licensing of fixed earth
stations operating with NGSO FSS satellite systems in the frequency bands 10.7-12.75 GHz and
14.0-14.5 GHz".
[i.20] ITU Radio Regulations.
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[i.21] Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2: "Protection criteria used for radio astronomical
measurements".
[i.22] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.23] REVISED ERC/REC 01-07 (Bonn 1995, Helsinki 2000, Mainz 2004): "Harmonised regime for
exemption from individual licensing for the use of radio spectrum".
[i.24] Directive 2002/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on the
authorisation of electronic communications networks and services.
[i.25] CEPT/ERC REC 13-03 E: (The Hague 1996): "The use of the band 14.0-14.5 ghz for very small
aperture terminals (vsat) and satellite news gathering (SNG)".
[i.26] SE19(16)75 Annex 2rev1: "Sharing between non-GSO FSS earth stations and fixed service in the
band 14.25-14.5 GHz".
[i.27] CEPT ECC Report 271: "Compatibility and sharing studies related to NGSO satellite systems
operating in the FSS bands 10.7-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 14-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space)".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
rd
3G 3 Generation
ABW Allocated Bandwidth
ACP Adjacent Channel Power
AES Aircraft Earth Station
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EESS Earth Exploration Satellite Service
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EN European Norm
EPFD Equivalent Power Flux Density
ERC European Radiocommunications Committee
ESIM Earth Stations In-Motion
ESIMs Earth Stations In Motion
ESV Earth Stations on Vessels
EU European Union
FS Fixed Service
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
GSO Geostationary Satellite Orbit
HEST High EIRP Satellite Terminals
ISP Internet Service Provider
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunications sector
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LEO Low Earth Orbit
LEST Low EIRP Satellite Terminals
LNB Low Noise Block
LTE Long-Term-Evolution
MNO Mobile Network Operator
MSS Mobile Satellite Service
NCC Network Control Centre
NCF Network Control Function
NEST Fixed and in-motion Earth Stations Communicating with Non-Geostationary Satellite Systems
NGSO Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit
OBW Occupied Bandwidth
PC Power Control
PFD Power Flux Density
PPDR Public Protection and Disaster Relief
RAS Radio Astronomy Service
RR Radio Regulations
SIT Satellite Interactive Terminal
SNG Satellite News Gathering
SUT Satellite User Terminal
TES Transportable Earth Stations
TM Transmission Mask
TR Technical Report
UK United Kingdom
UT User Terminal
VMES Vehicle-Mounted Earth Stations
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
WGSE Working Group Spectrum Engineering (of ECC)
4 Comments on the System Reference Document
Void.
5 Presentation of the system
The satellite system presented in the present document makes use of non-geostationary low earth near polar orbits. It
offers the possibility of extending affordable broadband services to all parts of the world, particularly the rural and
remote areas in order to bridge the digital divide. These systems also offer the possibility of extending cellular services
by interfacing user devices through pico/fempto cell types (LTE, 3G and WiFi) within a limited local area, while
deploying the satellite link as cellular backhaul infrastructure.
NGSO systems deployed in LEO offer the additional advantage of low latency, high volume and high data rates thereby
bringing high speed connectivity to users, consistent with terrestrial high speed broadband services. The LEO NGSO
systems offer the possibility of worldwide deployment of services as polar orbiting NGSOs reach all corners of the
globe.
The satellite user terminals to be deployed with LEO NGSO systems include:
• fixed Earth station installations;
• ESIM installed on vehicles (including trains), ships and aircraft.
Fixed Earth stations will be low cost terminals and manufactured to facilitate a simple deployment. These user terminals
will be particularly suitable for extending cellular services over a cellular backhaul infrastructure. These user terminals
are designed for high volume, large scale deployments; they will be light-weight allowing for ease of deployment. Such
a terminal will only weigh a few kilograms and can be connected to a power source or could be powered with built in
solar panels. The terminals may employ either:
i) parabolic steerable antennas; or
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10 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
ii) flat-plate phased array antennas.
ESIM are terminals mounted on vehicles, ships and aircraft, which use similar technology to fixed user terminals.
NGSO ESIM can also be custom made for specific applications, such as Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR),
Oil and Gas industry, and land, air and maritime transport.
6 Market information
LEO NGSO systems will provide high-speed, affordable broadband connectivity to anyone, anywhere. Building and
sharing culture through communication is an essential and defining aspect of humanity.
Innovative non-geostationary satellite constellation will make available broadband access to many individuals who have
limited or no service today, including people in rural and remote areas in both developed and developing countries.
When fully deployed, these NGSO constellations will support a wide variety of critical applications across the entire
globe. To illustrate just a few:
• Community and Residential Internet Connectivity.
• Cellular Backhaul.
• Mobility Services.
• Emergency Communications.
LEO NGSO systems will extend the networks of mobile operators and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to serve new
areas, bringing voice and data access to consumers, businesses, schools, and other community locations that cannot
technically or economically be served through terrestrial means.
The LEO NGSO systems' satellite terminal functions either as part of a cellular backhaul infrastructure to connect bases
stations to MNO's networks (see figure 1), or as a small fempto/pico cell with, for example, LTE, 3G, WiFi connectivity
(see figure 1) that can extend the networks of mobile operators by acting as a low-cost base station to which mobile
users can connect.
LEO NGSO constellations will enable mobile operators' customers to access high speed (up to 50 Mbps downlink; and
in some cases, even up to 250 Mbps) and low latency (less than 50 ms) benefits of those networks' infrastructure in
areas such as "not spots" where mobile services are either not deployed or the quality of service is very low. Through
roaming agreements, other operators' customers can also access the LEO NGSO network's infrastructure.
Figure 1: Basic Wholesale Cellular Backhaul Model
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11 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Figure 2: Basic Wholesale Broadband Model
LEO NGSO systems will also provide maritime and aeronautical applications (using a small cell to provide
WiFi/LTE/3G connectivity to end-users) (see figure 3).
These NGSO systems will have several distinctive capabilities:
• Broadband speeds of over 50 Mbps downlink.
• Low latencies for the entire paths, approximately 50 ms.
• For maritime: coverage also within Polar circles and northwest passage.
• For aeronautical: global service from pole to pole for every aircraft from a single operator.
Figure 3: Basic Mobility Model
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12 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
These LEO NGSO systems are also designed to support the work of the public protection and disaster relief (PPDR)
emergency services during the most demanding crises, including those that strike unexpectedly, leaving communities
suddenly without any terrestrial communications infrastructure. LEO NGSO systems carry the capability to offer PPDR
applications in such situations. For example, a land-ESIM mounted on first responder's vehicle (see figure 4) will
provide 4G quality Internet and voice directly to emergency vehicles to ensure connectivity for first responders,
humanitarian workers, and medical personnel globally where and when it is needed.
Figure 4: Basic Emergency and PPDR Model
7 Technical information
7.0 General
The described LEO NGSO satellite system is aimed at providing an affordable broadband service to fixed and in motion
user terminals on land, at sea and in the air. The large capacity offered by such NGSO systems allows for a multitude of
customized applications such as PPDR or the extension of cellular services to remote and rural areas that are
underserved or not served at all. Currently these services, especially the services offered to aircraft or maritime
applications, do not carry safety services.
One of the NGSO satellite systems to be deployed from 2018 uses Ku-band for the links between the satellites and user
terminals and Ka-band for the feeder-links between the satellites and gateway earth stations,
...