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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Smart Body Area Networks (SmartBAN);
Service and application standardized enablers and interfaces,
APIs and infrastructure for interoperability management
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2 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Reference
DTS/SmartBAN-004
Keywords
application layer, control, health, information
model, interface, interoperability, interworking,
IoT, network, ontology, privacy, protocol, security,
service
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3 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Ambit and induced constraints . 12
5 High Level Architecture of SmartBAN heterogeneity management architecture . 14
5.0 Introduction . 14
5.1 SmartBAN reference model and architecture . 15
5.1.0 Introduction. 15
5.1.1 SmartBAN reference model High Level Architecture (HLA) . 15
5.1.2 ETSI SmartBAN and AIOTI [i.5] IoT High Level Architecture (HLA) mapping . 16
5.1.3 ETSI SmartBAN and oneM2M[i.3] High Level Architecture (HLA) mapping . 17
5.1.4 ETSI SmartBAN and HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Specification (FHIR [i.6])
interactions . 19
5.1.5 SmartBAN reference architecture: agents definitions . 24
5.1.6 SmartBAN reference architecture: Process and data flows . 26
5.1.6.0 Introduction . 26
5.1.6.1 Set up phase . 26
5.1.6.2 Node Discovery Phase . 27
5.1.6.3 Measurement Collection Phase . 27
5.1.6.4 Service Discovery Phase . 28
5.1.6.5 Service Processing Phase . 29
5.1.6.6 Network Management . 29
5.1.7 Summary . 30
5.2 SmartBAN IoT compliant layering reference architecture validation . 30
5.2.1 Validation use case: elderly at home monitoring . 30
5.2.2 Tests and results . 34
Annex A (informative): Background and SoA . 37
A.0 Introduction . 37
A.1 Existing data sharing/transfer formats, protocols and interoperability frameworks for (or
applicable for) sensors/actuators and BANs. 37
A.1.1 Sensor Web Enablement (SWE [i.16]) . 37
A.1.2 WSN's data communication protocols . 39
A.1.2.0 Introduction. 39
A.1.2.1 JSON and JSON-LD protocols ([i.11], [i.17]) . 39
A.1.2.2 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP [i.12]) . 39
A.2 e-health related architectures . 41
A.2.0 Introduction . 41
A.2.1 ContoExam ([i.21]) . 41
A.2.2 Personal Connected Health Alliance global healthcare architecture . 43
A.2.3 ASTM Healthcare Informatics architecture ([i.26]) . 44
A.2.4 MedCom ([i.32]) . 45
A.2.5 The pan-Canadian EHR ([i.34]) . 45
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4 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
A.3 Existing Semantic Web Service Architectures . 48
A.3.1 OWL-S [i.35] . 48
A.3.2 Service Profile . 48
A.3.3 Service Model . 49
A.3.4 Service Grounding . 49
A.4 Existing generic service layers and enablers for in particular WSNs and WBANs . 50
A.4.1 Service Oriented Architecture for WSN . 50
A.4.2 Semantic SOA for WSN . 53
A.4.3 Open Sensor Web Architecture (OSWA [i.43]) . 55
History . 56
ETSI
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5 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Body Area Network
(SmartBAN).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document gives the high level description of infrastructure and mechanisms providing solutions for
interoperability management in SmartBAN. The scope mainly covers the networking level up to the service and
application level. The expected solutions will mainly concern the description and the specification of a standardized
infrastructure for SmartBAN entities (e.g. sensors, actuators) interactions, data access and monitoring, irrespective of
whatever lower layers and radio technologies are used underneath. On the service and application side, standardized
APIs, in particular, for secure interaction and access to SmartBAN data/entities (data transfer and sharing mechanisms
included) will be addressed.
ETSI
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6 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
1 Scope
The present document describes and specifies the high level infrastructure, its building blocks and associated APIs
providing interoperability management solutions for SmartBAN. The architecture described in the present document
also enables generic interaction and access to BAN data and entities, and thus paves the way to interoperability
(networks and syntactic interoperability). Since the SmartBAN reference architecture specified and formatized in the
present document fully relies on SmartBAN open semantic data model and corresponding ontologies as already
standardized in [1], it therefore also addresses data and semantic interoperability.
The present document is applicable to a BAN and/or a SmartBAN comprising wearable sensors/actuators devices, a
relay/coordinator device and a Hub. The relay/Coordinator and the Hub functionalities may be handled by a single
device or by two distinct devices.
The present document is also addressing syntactic interoperability by defining unified data transfer and message
formats.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI TS 103 378 (V1.1.1) (12-2015): "Smart Body Area Networks (SmartBAN) Unified data
representation formats, semantic and open data model".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] S. Movassaghi, M. Abolhasan, J. Lipman, D. Smith and A. Jamalipour: "Wireless Body Area
Networks: A Survey", in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, issue 99, pp. 1-29,
January 2014.
[i.2] J. Y. Khan and M. R. Yuce: "Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) for Medical Applications",
New Developments in Biomedical Engineering, Domenico Campolo (Ed.), 2010,
ISBN: 978-953-7619-57-2.
[i.3] oneM2M TS-0001-V2.10.0 (08-2016): "Functional Architecture".
NOTE: Available at http://www.onem2m.org/images/files/deliverables/Release2/TS-0001-
%20Functional_Architecture-V2_10_0.pdf.
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7 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
[i.4] Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (AIOTI) WG03 - IoT Standardization: "IoT High Level
Architecture (HLA) Release 3.0".
NOTE: Available at https://aioti.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/AIOTI-HLA-R3-June-2017.pdf.
[i.5] Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (AIOTI) WG03 - IoT Standardization: "High Level
Architecture (HLA) Release 4.0".
NOTE: Available at https://aioti.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/AIOTI-HLA-R4.0.7.1-Final.pdf.
[i.6] HL7 FHIR Specification 3 document.
NOTE 1: Available at http://hl7.org/fhir/index.html.
NOTE 2: FHIR is an example of an existing eHealth standard. This information is given for the convenience of
users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this standard.
[i.7] IETF RFC 2616 (04-2014): "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1".
NOTE: Available at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616.
[i.8] ZigBee Specification document.
NOTE: Available at http://www.zigbee.org/download/standard-zigbee-pro-specification-2/#.
[i.9] OASIS MQTT Version 3.1.1 (04-2014).
NOTE: Available at http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/csprd02/mqtt-v3.1.1-csprd02.pdf.
[i.10] Bluetooth Core Specification 4.2 document.
NOTE 1: Available at https://www.bluetooth.org/DocMan/handlers/DownloadDoc.ashx?doc_id=286439.
NOTE 2: Bluetooth is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this
product.
[i.11] ECMA-404 (12-2017): "The JSON Data Interchange Format".
NOTE: Available at http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-404.pdf.
[i.12] IETF RFC 7552 (06-2014): "The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)".
NOTE: Available at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252.
[i.13] Roy T. Fielding: "Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures".
PhD Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2000.
NOTE: Available at http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm.
[i.14] W3C SPARQL 1.1 Query Language (03-2013).
NOTE: Available at https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/.
[i.15] W3C SWRL (05-2004): "A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML".
NOTE: Available at https://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL.
[i.16] Open Geosatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement tutorial.
NOTE: Available at http://www.opengeospatial.org/domain/swe.
[i.17] M. LANTHALER, C. GÜTL: "On using JSON-LD to create evolvable RESTful services", in
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on RESTful Design, pp. 25-32, Lyon, France,
April 2012.
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8 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
[i.18] IETF RFC 0793 (09-1981): "Transmission Control Protocol".
NOTE: Available at https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt.
[i.19] IETF Constrained RESTful Environments (core) working group.
NOTE: Available at https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/core/charter/.
[i.20] IETF RFC 0768 (08-1980): "User Datagram Protocol".
NOTE: Available at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc768.
[i.21] P. Brandt, T., Basten, S. Stuijk: "ContoExam: an ontology on context-aware examinations", in
Proceedings of FOIS2014, pp. 303-316, Brazil, September 2014.
[i.22] SNOMED CT starter guide.
NOTE 1: Available at https://confluence.ihtsdotools.org/display/DOCSTART/SNOMED+CT+Starter+Guide.
NOTE 2: SNOMED CT is an example of an existing eHealth reference terminology. This information is given
for the convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of
this reference terminology.
[i.23] NISO spring 2015 ISQ issue.
NOTE: Available at https://groups.niso.org/publications/isq/2015/.
[i.24] Personal Connected Health Alliance.
NOTE: Available at http://www.pchalliance.org/.
TM
[i.25] ISO/IEEE 11073 standards: "Health informatics -- Personal health device communication".
NOTE: Available at https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=11073.
[i.26] ASTM International Technical Committee E31 description.
NOTE: Available at https://www.astm.org/COMMIT/E31_FactsheetHI.pdf.
[i.27] ASTM E1238-97: "Standard Specification for Transferring Clinical Observations Between
Independent Computer Systems" (Withdrawn 2002).
NOTE: Available at https://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/WITHDRAWN/E1238.htm.
[i.28] ASTM E1394-97: "Standard Specification for Transferring Information Between Clinical
Instruments and Computer Systems" (Withdrawn 2002).
NOTE: Available at https://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/WITHDRAWN/E1394.htm.
[i.29] ASTM E1467-94: "Standard related to the transfer of digital neurophysiological data between
independent computer systems" (Withdrawn 2004).
NOTE: Available at https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1467.htm.
[i.30] ASTM E2369-12: "Standard Specification for Continuity of Care Record (CCR)".
NOTE: Available at https://www.astm.org/Standards/E2369.htm.
[i.31] ASTM E1384-07 (2013): "Standard Practice for Content and Structure of the Electronic Health
Record (EHR)" (Withdrawn 2017).
NOTE: Available at https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1384.htm.
[i.32] J. H. Bjerregaard, P. C. Duedal. MedCom: "Danish health care network. Studies in health
technology and informatics", 2003. Vol. 100, p. 59-65.
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9 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
[i.33] W3C SOAP Version 1.2 specification (04-2007).
NOTE: Available at https://www.w3.org/TR/soap/.
[i.34] Dennis Giokas Chief Technology Officer Solution Architecture Group Canada Health Infoway
Inc. 1: "SOA in the pan-Canadian EHR".
NOTE: Available at http://www.omg.org/news/meetings/workshops/HC-Australia/Giokas.pdf.
[i.35] W3C OWL-S (11-2004): "Semantic Markup for Web Services".
NOTE: Available at https://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S/.
[i.36] Lan, M. Qilong, J. Du: "Architecture of wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring. In
Education Technology and Training", in Proceedings of IEEE IITA-GRS 2008, Shanghai, China,
December 2008.
[i.37] E. Avilés-López, J. García-Macías, J. Antonio: "TinySOA: a service-oriented architecture for
wireless sensor networks", Service Oriented Computing and Applications. 2009. Vol. 3, n 2,
pp. 99-108.
[i.38] F. C. Dedicato, P. F. Pires, L. Pirmez, T. Batista: "Wireless Sensor Networks as a service", In
Proceedings of IEEE ECBS2010, pp. 410-417, UK, March 2010.
[i.39] A. Ghobakhlou, A. Kmoch, P. Sallis: "Integration of Wireless Sensor Network and Web Services",
in Proceedings of the 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, pp. 1-6, Adelaide,
Australia, 2013.
[i.40] K. K. Khedo, R. K. Subramanian: "A service-oriented component-based middleware architecture
for wireless sensor networks", International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security,
2009. Vol. 9, n 3, pp. 174-182.
[i.41] A. P. Singh, O. P. Vyas, S. Varma: "Flexible Service Oriented Network Architecture for Wireless
Sensor Networks", International Journal of Computers Communications & Control. 2014. Vol. 9,
n 5, pp. 610-622.
[i.42] F. Amato, V. Casola, A., Gaglione, A. Mazzeo: "A semantic enriched data model for sensor
network interoperability", Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2011. Vol. 19, n 8,
pp. 1745-1757.
[i.43] CHU, Xingchen: "Open sensor web architecture: core services", The University of Melbourne,
Australia, 2005.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
bpm beats per minute
bps bit per second
s second
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10 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACK Acknowledgement (e.g. ACK message)
AE Application Entity
AIOTI Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation
API Application Programming Interface
ASTM American Standards for Testing and Materials
AT ATtention (e.g. AT Command)
BAN Body Area Network
BANID Body Area Network IDentifier
BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
BLES Bluetooth LE Scanner agent
CCR Continuity of Care Record
CCU Central Control Unit
CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardization)
CoAP Constrained Application Protocol
CON Confirmable (e.g. CON message)
Core Constrained RESTful Environments
CPU Central Processing Unit
CSE Core Service Entity
DIM Domain Information Model
DS Data Scanner agents
DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security
E2E End-to-End
ECG Electrocardiogram
EDI Electronic Document Interchanged
EEG Electroencephalogram
EHR Electronic Health Record
EHRS Electronic Health Record Solution
EU European Union
FHIR Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources
GATT Generic Attribute Profile
GCM Google Cloud Messaging
GUI Graphical User Interface
GW Gateway
HDF HL7 Development Framework
HDP Health Device Profile
HIAL Health Information Access Layer
HL7 Health Level Seven International
HLA High Level Architecture
HMI Human-Machine Interface
HR Heart Rate
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IHE Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise
IoT Internet of Things
IP Internet Protocol
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
ISQ Information Standards Quarterly
IT Information Technology
JS JSON Scanner
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
JSON-LD JavaScript Object Notation Linked Data
JW JSON Writer
LAN Local Area Network
LAN-IF Local Area Network Interface
LD Linked Data
LE Low Energy
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11 ETSI TS 103 327 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
LRS Longitude Record Services
M2M Machine to Machine
MAC Medium Access Control
MAS Management Abstraction and Semantics
MBAN Medical Body Area Network
MQTT Message Queue Telemetry Transport
MVTU Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation
MW Measurement Wrapper
NICTA National ICT Australia
NISO National Information Standards Organization
NON Non-confirmable (e.g. NON message)
NSE Network Service Entity
NW Node semantic Wrappers
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
OMA Open Mobile Alliance
OSWA Open Sensor Web Architecture
OWL Web Ontology Language
OWL-S Web Ontology Language for Services
PAN Personal Area Network
PAN-IF Peripheral Area Network Interface
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PER Packet Error Rate
PHY Physical
PoS Point of Services
PW Process semantic Wrappers
QoI Quality of Information
QoS Quality of Service
RAM Random Access Memory
RDF Resource Description Framework
REST REpresentational State Transfer
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication
RST Reset (e.g. RST message)
RTLS Real Time Location Services
SAS Sensor Alert Service
SCS Sensor Collection Service
SDO Standards Development Organizations
SensorML Sensor Model Language
SIG Special Interest Group
SMS Short Message Service
SOA Service Oriented Architecture
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
SOS Sensor Observation Service
SPARQL Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language
SPS Sensor Planning Service
SW Semantic Wrapper
SWE Sensor Web Enablement
SWRL Semantic Web Rule Language
TAN Touchable Area Network
TAN-IF Touchable Area Network Interface
TBD To Be Defined
TC Technical Committee
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TML TransducerML
TransducerML Transducer Model Language
TS Technical Specification
UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration
UDI Universal Device Identifier
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UI User Interface
UML Unified Model Language
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
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