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ETSI STANDARD
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3;
TTCN-3 Language Extensions: Advanced Matching
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2 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
Reference
RES/MTS-203022-AdvMatchv131
Keywords
conformance, testing, TTCN-3
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3 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms . 7
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 7
4 Package conformance and compatibility . 7
5 Package Concepts for the Core Language . 8
5.0 General . 8
5.1 Dynamic Matching . 8
5.2 Templates with variable bindings . 9
5.2.0 General . 9
5.2.1 Value retrieval from matching . 9
5.2.2 Declaring out parameters for template definitions . 10
5.2.3 Matching template parameters and variables . 12
5.3 Additional logical operators for combining matching mechanisms . 13
5.3.0 General . 13
5.3.1 Conjunction. 13
5.3.2 Implication . 14
5.3.3 Exclusion . 15
5.3.4 Disjunction . 15
5.4 Repetition . 16
5.4.1 General . 16
5.4.2 Repetition in record of and array . 16
5.4.3 Repetition in string . 18
5.4.4 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause 15.11 (Concatenating templates of string and list
types) . 19
5.4.4.0 General . 19
5.4.4.1 Step 1 of modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause 15.11 . 19
5.4.4.2 Step 2 of modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause 15.11 . 19
5.4.5 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4] . 20
5.4.5.1 Changes to clause 7.2.2.3.1 (The abstract data type MatchingMechanism) . 20
5.4.5.2 Changes to clause 7.2.2.3.2 (The abstract data type MatchingList) . 20
5.4.5.3 Changes to clause 8.3.2.17 (TciMatchingTypeType) . 20
5.4.5.4 Changes to clause 8.3.3.1 (Type) . 20
5.4.5.5 Changes to clause 9.5 (Data) . 21
5.4.5.6 Changes to clause 10.5.2.16 (TciMatchingTypeType) . 22
5.4.5.7 Changes to clause 10.5.3.19 (MatchingList) . 23
5.4.5.8 Changes to clause 11.3.3.25 (MatchingMechanism) . 23
5.4.5.9 Changes to clause 12.4.2.16 (TciMatchingTypeType) . 23
5.4.5.10 Changes to clause B.4 (TCI-TL XML Schema for Templates). 24
5.5 Equality operator for the omit symbol and templates with restriction omit . 24
5.5.0 General . 24
5.5.1 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause 7 (Expressions) . 24
5.6 Encodable Values . 25
5.6.0 General . 25
5.6.1 The encvalue Template Restriction . 25
5.6.2 Encoding Mutation Annotation. 26
5.6.2.0 Description . 26
ETSI
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4 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
5.6.2.1 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause 22.2.1 (The Send operation) . 27
5.6.2.2 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause 22.3.1 (The Call operation) . 27
5.6.2.3 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause 22.3.3 (The Reply operation) . 28
5.6.2.4 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause 22.3.5 (The Raise operation) . 28
5.6.2.5 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause C.5.1 (The encoding function) . 28
5.6.2.6 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause C.5.3 (The encoding to universal charstring
function) . 29
5.6.2.7 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause C.5.5 (The encoding to octetstring function) . 29
5.7 Extension of the istemplatekind function . 30
5.7.1 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause C.3.5 (Matching mechanism detection) . 30
5.7.2 Modifications to ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], clause E.2.2.5 (Matching mechanism detection) . 30
6 TCI Extensions for the Package . 30
6.1 Extensions to clause 7.2.2.2.0 of ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], Basic rules . 30
6.2 Extensions to clause 7.2.2.3.1 of ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], The abstract data type MatchingMechanism . 32
6.3 Extensions to clause 7.2.2.3.2 of ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], The abstract data type MatchingList . 32
6.4 Extensions to clause 7.2.2.3 of ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], The abstract data type MatchingMechanism . 32
TM
6.5 Extensions to clause 8 of ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], Java language mapping . 33
6.6 Extensions to clause 9 of ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], ANSI C language mapping . 35
6.7 Extensions to clause 10 of ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], C++ language mapping . 36
6.8 Extensions to clause 12 of ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], C# language mapping . 38
Annex A (normative): BNF and static semantics . 40
A.0 Additional TTCN-3 terminals . 40
A.1 Modified TTCN-3 syntax BNF productions . 40
A.2 Deleted TTCN-3 syntax BNF productions . 41
A.3 Additional TTCN-3 syntax BNF productions . 41
History . 42
ETSI
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5 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Methods for Testing and Specification
(MTS).
The present document relates to the multi-part deliverable ETSI ES 201 873 covering the Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3, as identified below:
Part 1: "TTCN-3 Core Language";
Part 4: "TTCN-3 Operational Semantics";
Part 5: "TTCN-3 Runtime Interface (TRI)";
Part 6: "TTCN-3 Control Interface (TCI)";
Part 7: "Using ASN.1 with TTCN-3";
Part 8: "The IDL to TTCN-3 Mapping";
Part 9: "Using XML schema with TTCN-3";
Part 10: "TTCN-3 Documentation Comment Specification";
Part 11: "Using JSON with TTCN-3".
NOTE: Part 2 is in status "historical" and part 3 is no longer maintained.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
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6 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
1 Scope
The present document defines the support of advance matching of TTCN-3. TTCN-3 can be used for the specification
of all types of reactive system tests over a variety of communication ports. Typical areas of application are protocol
testing (including mobile and Internet protocols), service testing (including supplementary services), module testing,
testing of OMG CORBA based platforms, APIs, etc. TTCN-3 is not restricted to conformance testing and can be used
for many other kinds of testing including interoperability, robustness, regression, system and integration testing. The
specification of test suites for physical layer protocols is outside the scope of the present document.
TTCN-3 packages are intended to define additional TTCN-3 concepts, which are not mandatory as concepts in the
TTCN-3 core language, but which are optional as part of a package which is suited for dedicated applications and/or
usages of TTCN-3.
While the design of TTCN-3 package has taken into account the consistency of a combined usage of the core language
with a number of packages, the concrete usages of and guidelines for this package in combination with other packages
is outside the scope of the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI ES 201 873-1: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language".
[2] ETSI ES 201 873-4: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 4: TTCN-3 Operational Semantics".
[3] ETSI ES 201 873-5: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 5: TTCN-3 Runtime Interface (TRI)".
[4] ETSI ES 201 873-6: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 6: TTCN-3 Control Interface (TCI)".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI ES 201 873-7: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 7: Using ASN.1 with TTCN-3".
ETSI
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7 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
[i.2] ETSI ES 201 873-8: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 8: The IDL to TTCN-3 Mapping".
[i.3] ETSI ES 201 873-9: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 9: Using XML schema with TTCN-3".
[i.4] ETSI ES 201 873-10: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test
Control Notation version 3; Part 10: TTCN-3 Documentation Comment Specification".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], ETSI ES 201 873-4 [2], ETSI
ES 201 873-5 [3] and ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4] apply.
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], ETSI ES 201 873-4 [2],
ETSI ES 201 873-5 [3] and ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4] apply.
4 Package conformance and compatibility
The package presented in the present document is identified by the package tag:
"TTCN-3:2017 Advanced Matching" - to be used with modules complying with the present document.
For an implementation claiming to conform to this package version, all features specified in the present document shall
be implemented consistently with the requirements given in the present document and in ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1] and
ETSI ES 201 873-4 [2].
The package presented in the present document is compatible to:
• ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1], version 4.9.1;
• ETSI ES 201 873-4 [2], version 4.6.1;
• ETSI ES 201 873-5 [3], version 4.8.1;
• ETSI ES 201 873-6 [4], version 4.9.1;
• ETSI ES 201 873-7 [i.1];
• ETSI ES 201 873-8 [i.2];
• ETSI ES 201 873-9 [i.3];
• ETSI ES 201 873-10 [i.4].
If later versions of those parts are available and should be used instead, the compatibility to the package presented in the
present document has to be checked individually.
ETSI
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8 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
5 Package Concepts for the Core Language
5.0 General
This package defines advanced matching mechanisms for TTCN-3, i.e. new matching mechanisms which go beyond the
matching mechanisms defined in ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1]. This package realizes the following concepts:
• Dynamic matching: allows to specify matching in a function-like fashion, i.e. statement blocks and functions
can be used to define matching.
• Templates with variable bindings: ease the retrieval field values of received messages and signatures. For this
the "->" symbol is used to denote a value assignment to a variable or an out parameter in the scope of a
template definition in case of a successful template matching.
• Additional logical operators: conjunction, implication, exclusion and disjunction allow the combination
matching mechanisms for advanced matching.
• Repetition: allows to match repetitions of a sub-sequence templates inside values of a certain type.
• Restrictions for the omit symbol and templates with restriction omit are relieved allowing omit symbols and
templates with restriction omit as operands for the equality operator.
5.1 Dynamic Matching
A dynamic matching is a special matching mechanism. Similar to other matching mechanisms, it can be considered as a
Boolean function that indicates successful matching for the value to be matched by returning the value true and
unsuccessful matching by returning the value false.
Syntactical Structure
@dynamic (StatementBlock | FunctionRef)
Semantic Description
The StatementBlock shall return a value of type boolean. The value to be matched is referenced by the special
keyword value. When applying this matching mechanism to a value, the StatementBlock is executed and if and only if
the execution returns true, the dynamic matching function matches. Unsuccessful matching shall return false.
A dynamic matching function can only be used in the context of a template, the value expression inside the
StatementBlock shall have the same type as the whole template.
The notation @dynamic FunctionRef denotes a shorthand for the special case @dynamic { return
FunctionRef(value) } where FunctionRef is a reference to a Boolean function with the first parameter compatible
with the template's type. If the function contains more than one parameter, all parameters following the first one shall
have a default value, The type of the first parameter of the referenced function determines the type context, if this
template's place of usage does not provide a type context.
Restrictions
a) The dynamic matching syntax shall only be used in a typed context.
b) The StatementBlock shall compute a value of type boolean.
c) The StatementBlock shall be deterministic and side-effect free and follow the restrictions of clause 16.1.4 of
ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1].
d) The StatementBlock shall not use variables that are declared outside of the StatementBlock.
e) The StatementBlock shall not use inout or out parameters.
ETSI
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9 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
f) Only if the dynamic matching syntax appears on the right-hand-side of a parameterized template definition, the
formal in parameters of that definition may be referenced inside the StatementBlock. All other formal in
parameters shall not be used by the StatementBlock.
g) The FunctionRef shall not have a runs on clause and the StatementBlock shall not use any behaviour that
has a runs on clause.
EXAMPLE:
type record of integer Numbers;
template Numbers mw_sorted := @dynamic { // value is of type Numbers
for (var integer v_i := 1; v_i < lengthof(value); v_i := v_i + 1) {
if (value[v_i-1] > value[v_i]) { return false }
}
return true;
} // mw_sorted(v_recInt) matches all values of type Numbers
// if elements of v_recInt do not break an ascending order
type record Coordinate { float x, float y };
external function @deterministic fx_distance(Coordinate p_a, Coordinate p_b) return float;
template float mw_closeTo(Coordinate p_origin := { 0.0, 0.0 }, float p_maxDistance := 1.0) :=
// access to in parameters is allowed
@dynamic { return fx_distance(p_origin, value) <= p_maxDistance; };
// mw_closeTo(c,d) matches all values of type Coordinate
// which have maximum distance of d from Coordinate c
external function @deterministic fx_isPrime(integer p_x) return boolean;
:
p.receive(@dynamic fx_isPrime)
// is the same as p.receive(integer:@dynamic { return fx_isPrime(value) })
5.2 Templates with variable bindings
5.2.0 General
The possibilities to retrieve field values of received messages and signatures in ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1] are restricted
and cumbersome. To overcome this situation, this clause implements the definition of templates with variable bindings
that store the actual value matched by a template instance if the matching of all containing templates is successful. This
feature is implemented by using the "->" symbol for denoting a value assignment to a variable or an out parameter in
the scope of a template definition in case of a successful template matching. Such a value assignment can syntactically
be specified at all places where a template matching mechanism or a template reference is used in a template definition
or an inline template.
5.2.1 Value retrieval from matching
In case of a successful template match, the value which matches the template can be assigned to a variable. This can be
specified by using the "->" symbol.
Syntactical Structure
TemplateInstance "->" VariableRef
Semantic Description
If a template successfully matches a value and contains a value retrieval assignment for a TemplateInstance, then, if
during the matching process that TemplateInstance and all its containing TemplateInstances contribute to the successful
template match, the part of the value the TemplateInstance was matching is assigned to the VariableRef referenced in
the value retrieval assignment.
EXAMPLE:
template integer mw_t1 := (?, (1.3) -> v); // mw_t1 always matches, but if the (1.3) does not
// contribute to the successful match
// then v is not assigned a value
template integer mw_t2 := ((1.3) -> v_small, (3.5) -> v_big)
// matching mw_t2 to number in (1.3) will cause only v_small to be assigned,
// matching it to number in (4.5) will cause only v_big to be assigned (preference of (1.3))
ETSI
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10 ETSI ES 203 022 V1.3.1 (2019-04)
Restrictions
Additional to the restrictions given in clause 5.2.3, the following restrictions apply:
a) If TempateInstance describes the matching of a mandatory element in a template definition, VariableRef shall
refer to a variable of the same type as the mandatory element.
b) If TempateInstance describes the matching of an optional element in a template definition, VariableRef shall
refer to a template variable of the same type as the optional element. In case of a successful matching, the
matching value or omit shall be assigned to the template variable denoted by VariableRef.
c) Value retrieval shall not be used in special places as described in clause 16.1.4 of ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1] with
the exception of the matching parts of receiving operations. If value retrieval is used in the matching part of a
receiving operation,
...