How many basic types of power plants are classified according to the energy used?
Answer: According to the energy used, there are the following basic types of power plants:
(1), thermal power plants : Thermal power generation uses thermal energy obtained by burning fuel (coal, petroleum and its products, natural gas, etc.) to generate electricity. There are two main forms of thermal power generation units: the boiler generates high-temperature and high-pressure steam to drive the turbine to rotate and generate electricity, which is called a steam turbine generator unit; the fuel enters the gas turbine to directly convert thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the generator to generate electricity, which is called gas turbine power generation. unit. Thermal power plants usually refer to power plants dominated by steam turbine generators.
(2) Hydroelectric power plant: Hydropower is to guide high-altitude river water (or lake water, river water) to the downstream through diversion to form a gap that drives the turbine to rotate and drive the generator to generate electricity. A power plant that uses a hydroelectric generator to generate electricity is called a hydroelectric power plant.
Hydroelectric power plants can be divided into:
①. Run-of-river hydropower plant: a hydropower plant without a reservoir that basically generates as much water as it needs;
>②. Daily regulating hydropower plant: The reservoir is very small, and the regulating cycle of the reservoir is one day and night. A hydropower plant that regulates natural runoff through the reservoir to generate electricity;
③. Annual regulating hydropower plant: A hydropower plant that optimizes the distribution and regulation of natural runoff in each month of the year, stores excess water in wet periods in reservoirs, and ensures the release of water for power generation in dry periods;
④. Multi-year regulated hydropower plants: will not The even natural water flow for many years is optimally distributed and adjusted. The reservoir capacity adjusted for many years is larger. The excess water in wet years is stored in the reservoir to supplement the insufficient water in dry years to ensure the adjustable output of the power plant.
(3) Nuclear power plant: Nuclear power generation uses the thermal energy released by the slow fission of nuclear fuel (such as uranium) in the atomic reactor to generate steam (replacing the boiler in the thermal power plant) to drive the steam turbine and then drive the The generator spins to generate electricity. Power plants that mainly produce nuclear power are called nuclear power plants, or nuclear power plants for short. According to the type of nuclear reactor, nuclear power plants can be divided into pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor, gas-cooled reactor, heavy water reactor, fast breeder reactor, etc.
(4) Wind farm: The use of wind to blow the large blades built on the top of the tower to rotate and drive the generator to generate electricity is called wind power generation. It consists of several, ten or even dozens of wind power plants. A power generation site composed of generators is called a wind farm.
(5). Others include geothermal power plants, tidal power plants, solar power plants, etc.
The basic principle of power generation is electromagnetic induction. The difference is that different types of power stations have different power devices to drive generators:
Thermal power stations generally use minerals such as coal or oil. Fuel, after burning, heats water, turning the water into steam with certain parameters. The steam drives the steam turbine, and then the steam turbine drives the generator to generate electricity;
Hydropower station uses high potential energy water to drive the turbine, and the turbine drives the generator. ;
Wind power stations are composed of wind turbines, and the wind directly drives the generator to generate electricity;
As for the nuclear power station, the power device that drives the generator is also a steam turbine, but its water vapor is generated by nuclear fuel The heat generated by fission is generated by heating water.
Thermal power stations, famous ones in China, include Shidongkou Electric Power Station and Yuhuan Power Plant