A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Its principle is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
A generator is mainly composed of a rotor, a stator, a magnetic field and a circuit. The rotor is made of a conductive material, usually copper wire wound into a coil or spiral, which rotates in a magnetic field. The stator is a set of electrical coils wound around the rotor. They are fixed inside the engine and do not move. The electrical stator coils are also usually wound with copper wire and are generally thicker than the rotor wires.
When the rotor rotates in the magnetic field, due to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an electromotive force will be generated in the electric coil of the stator. The magnitude of this electromotive force is linked to the speed of rotationof the rotor and the intensity of the magnetic field. It can generally be expressed as if the magnitude of the electromotive force is proportional to the speed of rotation. When the electromotive force in the stator is greater than the potential difference of the charges in the circuit, current begins to flow.
The current returns to the other end of the motor through the wire, forming a circuit, thereby achieving the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator output voltage and current depend on the magnetic field strength, rotation speed and circuit load. In practical applications, generators need to be designed and adjusted according to different application scenarios and load requirements to improve power generation efficiency and production stability.
Precautions for using generators
1. The generator must be placedin a dry and ventilated environment to avoid being affected by humidity, high temperature, etc.
2. Before using the generator, check whether the power supply meets the operating voltage and current requirements of the generator.
3. The generator must use a dedicated power cord, and the power cord interface must be firmly connected.
4. The generator should remain stable during operation and should not be affected by impacts, vibrations, etc. excessive, so as not to affect the normal operation of the generator.
5. If the generator emits noises, odors, etc. abnormal during operation, it should be stopped immediately for inspection.
The tutorial for making a simple generator is as follows:
Prepare the materials: battery, utility knife, wire enamelled, etc.
1. Wrap the highlighter with enameled wire hangingt about 15 turns. Be careful not to wrap both ends of the wire, leaving both ends of the wire free. Then wrap the ends of the wire around the spool to secure the shape.
2. Then use a knife to remove some of the insulation layer from both ends of the wire. Note that a full circle of insulation layer at one end can be removed, but only half of the insulation layer. at the other end can be removed. In other words, when the coil is spinning, half the time there is no electricity.
3. In this step, place the spool on the two needles with larger holes. If there is no such needle, you can use thread or paper clips as thread support. Place the battery flat on the table and secure it with plasticine.
4. Attach the wire holder and magnet. In this experiment, the coil, wire and battery form a closed circuit. Tr coiltowards which the current flowsA magnetic field is generated around it, which repels the magnet below and causes it to rotate.
Main structure of the generator:
The generator is generally composed of a stator, a rotor, an end cover, a bearing and other components. The stator consists of the stator core, wire windings, machine base and other structural parts that secure these parts. The rotor is composed of rotor core winding (or magnetic pole, magnetic yoke), retaining ring, center ring, slip ring, fan and a rotating shaft.
The stator and rotor of the generator are connected and assembled by the bearings and end covers, so that the rotor can rotate in the stator and carry out the cutting movement of the magnetic lines of force, thus generating an induced effect. electric potential, whichst discharged through the terminals and connected to the circuit, an electric current is generated.