Basic Principles of Cooling Tower Operation A direct or open circuit cooling tower is a means of sealing the interior of the structure by spraying circulating water onto the fiber fill of glass. The filler offers a larger contact surface and achieves heat exchange thanks to the contact between water and air. Then, a fan circulates the airflow in the tower, removing the hot airflow after heat exchange with the water, thereby achieving cooling.
The filling may consist of several wet, mainly vertical surfaces over which the water spreads (filling) or side splash elements which create numerous small water droplets cascading over a larger area to form multiple layered films (splatters).
Indirect or closed circuit cooling towers do not involve direct contact between airand a liquid, usually water or a cooled glycol mixture. Unlike open cooling towers, indirect cooling towers have two independent fluid circuits. One is an external circuit in which the water circulates in a second circuit, which is the outer loop of the tube bundle (unopened coil) connected to the hot fluid process to be cooled and returned in a closed circuit.
Air flows through cascading water drawn outside the heat pipe assembly, providing evaporative cooling similar to an open cooling tower. In operation, heat flows from the internal fluid circuit, through the walls of the coil tubes, to the external circuit and then to the atmosphere, heated by some evaporation of air and water.
The action of an indirect cooling tower is therefore very similar to that of a cooling tower open toone exception. This process cools the liquid in a “closed” circuit and is not directly exposed to the atmosphere or externally circulating water.
As the air in a counterflow cooling tower rises upward through the fill or tube bundle, the opposing water moves downward. In a cross-flow cooling tower, as air moves horizontally across the fill, water moves downward.
Cooling tower uses: mainly used in air conditioning cooling systems, refrigeration series, injection molding, bronzing, foaming, power generation, heat turbines. steam, aluminum profile processing, air compressors, industrial water cooling and other fields, with most applications for air conditioning cooling, refrigeration, plastic chemical industrypolished.
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Application scope of cooling tower:
Waste heat generated during industrial production or refrigeration process is generally used. Cooling water is directed away. The function of the cooling tower is to exchange heat between the cooling water carrying the waste heat and the air in the tower, so that the waste heat is transferred to the air and dispersed into the atmosphere .
For example: in a thermal power plant, the boiler heats water into steam at high temperature and high pressure, which causes the steam turbine to do work allowing the generator to produce electricity after the process. The work of the steam turbine is exhausted to the condenser, where it exchanges heat with the cooling water and condenses. The water is then pumped back to the boiler for recycling.
Dans this process, waste heat from the exhaust steam is transferred to the cooling water, causing the water temperature to increase. The cooling water carrying the waste heat transfers the heat to the air in the cooling tower and is then recovered. discharged from the air duct into an atmospheric environment.
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