Above 100℃. When water temperatures exceed 100 degrees Celsius, water molecules absorb enough internal energy to convert it into a repulsive force that breaks free from molecular constraints. The distance between the molecules begins to increase and the water changes from liquid to gaseous water. . This carbonated water does not contain any other substances and is called water vapor. There is no upper limit to the temperature of water vapor. There is an upper limit to water temperature, the highest being 374.15℃. The critical pressure of water is 22.129 MPa and the critical temperature is 374.15 ℃. In power plants, the temperature of superheated steam (i.e. superheated water vapor) is typically around 600°C. But there is no upper limit to the temperature of water vapor.
The upper limit of water vapor temperature depends on two factors.
1. Conversion to supercritical fluid Water transforms to supercritical fluid when it reaches both critical pressure and critical temperature. This point is 374°C at 218 atmospheres. However, at a pressure of one atmosphere, water vapor can remain in a gaseous state at several thousand degrees.
2. Thermal decomposition of water would require temperatures above 5,000°C, requiring a series of thermodynamic calculations. The hydrogen-oxygen flame during hydrogen-oxygen combustion can reach 2,500-3,000°C. Combustion at this temperature always generates water, which means that water will hardly decompose at this temperature.
Under normal circumstances, in our lives, the maximum temperature of water can reach 100 degrees, no matter what the temperature, the water boils and turns into water vapor. The water is at 0 degrees, when the temperature is below 0 degrees, the water solidifies and trin the form of ice. These are all in our lives, that is, the highest and lowest temperatures of water under standard atmospheric pressure.
However, under certain special circumstances, the water temperature will still increase and it will not vaporize or freeze. The boiling point of water is normally 100 degrees, but this boiling point will increase as the pressure increases. When the pressure reaches 225 atmospheres, the boiling point of water is 374 degrees. This temperature is called critical temperature. If the pressure is higher, the water vaporizes.
Sometimes the maximum temperature of water in normal life does not reach 100 degrees, that is, the boiling point is below 100 degrees. For what ? This is because the boiling point of water changes with the change in altitude. Generally speaking, when the altitude is 0 meters, the boiling point of water is 100degrees. At an altitude of 1,500 meters, the boiling point of water is 95 degrees. At an altitude of 2,000 meters, the boiling point of water is 95 degrees, the water temperature is 93 degrees at an altitude of 3,000 meters, the water temperature is 91 degrees , the water temperature at 4,000 meters is 88 degrees. and the water temperature at 5,000 meters above sea level is 83 degrees. So when you see water boiling, it doesn't necessarily mean it's 100 degrees.
The world is full of wonders. So far, a German scientist found that the highest water temperature in this vent reached 464 degrees during an investigation into a high-temperature hydrothermal vent at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. This temperature It is also the highest water temperature found in the world to date.
A scientist from the Soviet Union discovered a kind of water that does not boil even at 100degrees.It only freezes at 40 degrees and is very sticky, which is really interesting. This type of water is called “polymerized water”! The world of water is always very interesting, with its different shapes. In my life, 100 degrees is the hottest temperature I have ever seen in water.