Solar energy is mainly divided into: photovoltaic and photothermal. A photovoltaic panel module is a power generation device that generates direct current when exposed to sunlight. It is composed of solid photovoltaic cells made almost entirely of semiconductor materials (such as silicon). The components of photovoltaic panels can produce electricity. It is widely installed. Photovoltaic panel components can be used on roofs and building surfaces, and can even be used as part of windows, skylights or shading devices. Photothermal refers to solar thermal technology that gathers sunlight and uses its energy to generate hot water. steam and electricity. Solar water heater is a device that converts solar energy into thermal energy, heating low temperature waterat high temperature to meet people's use of hot water in life and production. Solar water heaters are divided into vacuum tube solar water heaters and flat panel solar water heaters based on their structural shapes. Among them, evacuated tube solar water heaters are the main ones, accounting for 95% of the domestic market share. Household evacuated tube solar water heaters are composed of heat collecting tubes, water storage tanks, brackets and other related parts. The conversion of solar energy into thermal energy mainly relies on vacuum heat collecting tubes which use the principle of hot water floating. and cold water flows to cause microcirculation in the water.
For pure system construction, water photovoltaic systems are mainly water pile and water floating platform type.
The mainThe difficulty of constructing the foundations of water pile photovoltaic systems increases due to the degree of difficulty. (Compared to pumping water to drive piles and then fixing the supports)
2. Advantages and disadvantages of floating water photovoltaic system:
Main advantages:
① Save energy: establishing a water surface occupies land resources to reduce tax costs.
② Increase power generation: The cooling effect of water photovoltaic modules suppresses the increase in module surface temperature and achieves power generation higher. . According to the experimental comparison of this Hyogo Prefecture-type water photovoltaic power plant, due to the cooling effect of the water surface, the power output of the panels increases by about 14%
< p>③ Reduce evaporation and algae reproduction: CoverIrrigating the water surface with solar panels theoretically reduces water surface evaporation and inhibits the reproduction of aquatic algae, which is beneficial for the protection of water resources.④ Operation and maintenance are convenient: The photovoltaic power plant is equipped with water to reduce dust. contamination of the modules and facilitate the cleaning of the modules and the inaccessibility of the modules to prevent personnel and objects from being damaged
⑤ Tourist advantages: The photovoltaic modules are carefully arranged on the large area of the water and constitute a tourist attraction. Advantages of the scenic belt in this area.
⑥Avoid module shading: wider than the land and water surface, effectively prevent mountains, woods and other modules from blocking the solar radiation area and light interval
< p>⑦Reduce the cost of tracking system: the engle and module spacing make the installation and operation of the solar tracking system require each panel to install a two-axis tracking system to reduce the cost of the tracking system⑧Cost savings : The module foundation support is necessary to save the cost and cost of the foundation support
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⑨ Convenient consumption: built near villages and towns, close to the plans of water, it reduces network connection difficulties and power rationing and improves efficiency
2. There are some disadvantages:
① High requirements for floating equipment: Floating water PV systems require floating equipment to support the PV panels. requirements for corrosion resistance, low density, frost heave resistance, wind and wave resistance, service life and bearing capacity
②High site selection requirements: the site of the floating water photovoltaic farm should be located in waters with a large area, stable runoff, low wind speed, light conditions, significant level changes of water, severe capillary conditions, large-scale maritime transport and non-state conditions. -sensitive areas
③Determining factors: Wind, water level, ice and other factors have a greater impact. It is necessary to monitor the water quality of photovoltaic modules, aquatic fish, plants, etc.
④Construction difficulty: construction projects should consider relatively high water quality . It is difficult to use heavy machinery to carry out high-efficiency construction processes, which requires a longer construction period and requires diving or boat work. must bere considered for operations such as swimming pools, dams and other installations.