In salt water, sodium chloride is completely ionized and water molecules are weakly ionized. So there are four ions: Na+, H+, Cl- and OH-. Or:
NaCl= Na++Cl-
H2O =H++OH-
Under the action of the electric field, the negatively charged OH- and Cl – move toward the anode, and the positively charged Na+ and H+ move toward the cathode.
At the anode, Cl- loses electrons more easily than OH- and is oxidized to chlorine atoms. Chlorine atoms combine into chlorine molecules to release chlorine gas. That is:
2Cl--2e=Cl2↑ (oxidation reaction)
At the cathode, H+ can obtain electrons more easily than Na+, so H+ continually obtains electrons from the cathode and is reduced to hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen atoms combine into hydrogen molecules and hydrogen gas is released from the cathode. In other words:
2H++2e=H2↑ (reduction reaction)
H continuously obtains de electrons on the cathode to generate hydrogen gas and release it, destroying the ionization balance of nearby water. , so water molecules are ionized into H and OH in large quantities, and the speed of OH generation is much higher than the speed of its directional movement towards the anode. Therefore, the OH near the cathode increases significantly, causing sodium hydroxide to be produced in the solution:
OH-+ Na+= NaOH
So the equation overall chemical for the electrolysis of saturated materials brine can be expressed as follows：
2NaCl+2H2O=Electrification=2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑
What is the electrolysis reaction of saturated salt water?
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The overall chemical equation for electrolysis is 2NaCl+2H?O==Cl?↑H?↑+2NaOH
Electrolysis of salt water saturated aims to accelerate the experimental reaction rate, and at the same time, the dissolved amount of chlorine in saturated salt water is small. After electricity is applied, sodium chloride and water in the saturated brine are ionized and chlorine gas and hydrogen gas are generated at the cathode and anode, respectively. The remaining hydroxide ions combine with the sodium ions to form sodium hydroxide.
Detailed information
Principle experimental
Sodium chloride in saturated salt water is completely ionized and water molecules are weakly ionized, so in salt water there are four types of ions: sodium ion Na?, the hydrogen ion Cl?, the chloride ion H? and the hydroxide ion OH?.
Under the action of the electric field, the OH? and Cl? negatively charged move towards the anode, while the Na? and H? positively charged move towards the cathode.
At the anode, Cl? loses electrons more easily than OH- and is oxidized to chlorine atoms. Chlorine atoms combine into chlorine molecules to release chlorine gas.
The chemical reaction equation is: 2Cl?-2e=Cl?↑ (oxidation reaction)
At the cathode, H? can obtain electrons more easily than Na?, so H? is obtained continuously from the cathode. The electrons are reduced to hydrogen atoms and the hydrogen atoms combine into hydrogen molecules to release hydrogen gazeux of the cathode.
The chemical reaction equation is: 2H?+2e=H?↑ (reduction reaction)