How do batteries work to produce electricity?

Introduction How do batteries work to produce electricity? In a chemical battery, the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy is the result of spontaneous chemical reactions such as oxidation and reduction inside the battery. This reaction occurs i

How do batteries work to produce electricity?

In a chemical battery, the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy is the result of spontaneous chemical reactions such as oxidation and reduction inside the battery. This reaction takes place on two electrodes. The negative active material consists of negative potential and stable reducing agents in the electrolyte, such as zinc, cadmium, lead and other active metals and hydrogen or hydrocarbons. \x0d\\x0d\The positive active material is composed of positive potential and stable oxidants in the electrolyte, such as manganese dioxide, lead dioxide, nickel oxide and other metal oxides, l oxygen or air, halogens and their salts, containing oxygen acids. and their salts, etc. \x0d\\x0d\Electrolytes are materials with good ionic conductivity, such as aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis and salts, non-aqueous organic or inorganic solutions, dmolten salts or solid electrolytes. \x0d\\x0d\When the external circuit is disconnected, although there is a potential difference (open circuit voltage) between the two poles, there is no current and chemical energy stored in the battery is not converted into electrical energy. \x0d\\x0d\When the external circuit is closed, current flows in the external circuit under the action of the potential difference between the two electrodes. At the same time, inside the battery, since there are no free electrons in the electrolyte, the charge transfer must be accompanied by oxidation or reduction reactions at the interface between materials active bipolar and electrolyte, as well as migration of material from reactants and reaction products. \x0d\\x0d\The transfer of charge in the electrolyte also ends with the migration of ions. Therefore, the normal processes of charge transfer and mass transfer within thehe battery are necessary conditions to ensure normal production of electrical energy. \x0d\\x0d\ During charging, the direction of electrical and mass transfer processes inside the battery is exactly opposite to that of discharging; the electrode reaction must be reversible to ensure the normal course of mass and electrical transfer processes in the reverse direction. direction.

Difficulty of self-ionization

What are the battery categories of current new energy vehicles?

What are the categories of batteries in current new energy vehicles?

What are the categories of batteries in current new energy vehicles? New energy vehicles? Classification

New energy vehicles have now become the mainstream trend in automobiles, and there are gradually more and more green brand cars on the road. vehicles is naturally the battery, and now the mainstream Do you know all types of car batteries?

1. Fuel cell

The fuel cell is a non-combustion electrochemical energy conversion device. Continuously converts the chemical energy of hydrogen (fuels such as hydrogen) and oxygen into electrical energy.

The operating principle is that H2 is oxidized to H+ and e- under the action of the anodic catalyst. H+ reaches the anode through the proton exchange membrane, reacts with O2 at the cathode to generate water, and e. - reaches the cathode through the external circuit, continuously. The continued reaction generates electric current.

Although fuel cells have the word "battery", they are not an energy storage device in the traditional sense, but an energy production device. This is the biggest difference between fuel cellsstible and traditional batteries.

2. Lithium batteries

Traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickelHydrogen battery technology itself is relatively mature, but major problems arise when used as power batteries in cars. At present, more and more automobile manufacturers choose to use lithium batteries as power batteries for new energy vehicles.

Lithium metal batteries generally use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, lithium metal or its metal alloy as the negative electrode material, and use non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The main materials of lithium batteries include: positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator and electrolyte.

3. Lithi batteryum ternary

Advantages: Ternary lithium-ion battery has high energy density, long life, and is not afraid of low temperatures; Disadvantages: high temperature. Insufficient stability.

Goal: Purely electric vehicles with required cruising range, which is the dominant direction and suitable for Nordic weather conditions. The battery is more stable at low temperatures.

The degree of autoionization is very low, but it is omnipresent in solvents. Autoionization refers to the interaction between the highly electronegative part of a liquid polar covalent molecular compound (not necessarily water) and the weakly electronegative part produces anionic and anionic components of the liquid polar covalent molecule. a component of the cation, such as 2H2OH3O++OH-, is a self-ionization that we are very familiar with. But not only water, but also the compoundsLiquid polar covalent molecular compounds such as liquid ammonia, hydrazine, So2(l) and other non-aqueous solvents can also undergo self-ionization, and the stronger the polarity, the greater the degree of ionization. pupil.

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