Requirements for ingredients of descaling agents
The main components of descaling agents are weak acids, and there are very strict requirements for these weak acids. Requirements for ingredients of anti-rust and anti-scaling products:
Hydrofluoric acid
The best effect on silicate scale
Hydrofluoric acid is highly toxic
< p>Mechanism of poisoningAbsorption through mucous membranes and skin can produce toxic effects throughout the body
Primarily toxic to the enzyme system, such as inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase And affects cellular respiration:< /p>
Fluoride combines with calcium in bones or body fluids to form relatively insoluble calcium fluoride, which disrupts the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, thereby negatively affecting bones and causing osteosclerosis and bone loss. E-mail.
Symptopoisoning symptoms:
Dental erosion, bleeding gums, dry rhinitis, epistaxis, hyposmia, pharyngitis, chronic bronchitis, etc.
Scope of application:
< p>As an important raw material in fluorinated chemical industry, hydrofluoric acid can produce fluorinated refrigerants, fluoropolymers, etc.It is used for cleaning stainless steel in industrial steel mills
Cannot be used for rust removal and descaling of medical devices
Oxalic acid
Ferrous oxalate produced after the reaction between oxalic acid and rust is insoluble in water
Causing repeated effects
Oxalic acid is toxic
Mechanism of poisoning
Oxalic acid may cause irritation or corrosion of exposed parts
Oxalic acid may combine with calcium to form calcium oxalate, causing hypocalcemia< /p>
In addition, calcium oxalate is mainly eliminated by the kidneys, so calcium oxalate deposits can cause stones in the urinary system and kidney failure
Calcium oxalate can also be deposited. It affects the liver, heart, lungs, blood vessels and other organs, causing abnormal functions of various organs.
Symptoms of poisoning:
Oral pain, ulcers (the mucous membrane may turn white), difficulty swallowing
Symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation such as vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea
In severe cases, symptoms such that vomiting blood, hemorrhagic gastritis and blood in the stool and other gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation and shock may occur
< p>Scope of application:At present , it is mainly used to remove rust from fabrics in China
It cannot be used forr rust removal and descaling of medical devices
Citric acid
When PH>4, rust removal with citric acid will produce citrate precipitation ferric
Causing repeated effects
Applicable scope:
Currently, it is mainly used as a metal rust preventative in industry in China
>It is not recommended to be used for rust removal and descaling of medical equipment
Hydrochloric acid
Very corrosive
Field application:
At present, it is rarely used for metal rust removal in China
It cannot be used for metal rust removal. rust and descaling of medical devices
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid can oxidize trivalent iron ions in rust to divalent iron ions
And ferrous phosphate will not precipitate and rust removal effectwill not be repeated
Phosphoric acid is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes
Scope of application:
For the removal of rust from metals, phosphoric acid treatment is commonly used internationally
Can be used for medical devices Anti-rust treatment and descaling
For more details, you can Baidu Xingerui or Xingerui!
1. The principle of lemon power generation is to replace the acidic substance of the lemon with a conductive metal part to generate a positive charge and make the bulb glow.
2. Lemon is a juicy fruit rich in citric acid. If two metal conductors with large differences in activity (such as silver, iron, copper, etc.) are inserted into its spaced ends, when both ends of a conductor (iron, aluminum, iron, copper , zinc, etc.) are connected to form a loop, the electrolyte reactionique of the two metals in the acid solution will generate current in the circuit. This is its galvanic cell reaction phenomenon.
< p>3. As long as it contains fruit acid, monocitric acid, amylase and alkaline acidity fruits, a galvanic reaction may occur.The principle of lemon power generation is: the electrochemical activity of two metal foils is different, such as copper foil and zinc foil. The most active metal foil (copper foil) can interact with the metal foil in the body. fruit. The acidic substance in the fruit reacts chemically to generate a positive charge, and the other piece (zinc leaf) will generate a negative charge. Then a light emitting diode is connected to the two metal parts when current passes through the light. Light-emitting diode, the light-emitting diode is on. In order for the batteries to have a better effect, you pou use several lemons in series as shown below.