1. Gravitational potential energy - kinetic energy of sea water - potential energy of sea water - kinetic energy of the engine - electrical energy. Build a dam to form a reservoir in a tidal bay or estuary, and place a hydroelectric generator in or next to the water. dam to take advantage of the rising tide. The rise and fall of the sea water level as it falls causes the sea water to push the hydroelectric turbine's generator to produce electricity as it passes through the turbine. From an energy point of view, it uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of seawater to convert it into electrical energy using a hydroelectric generator. Therefore, we must first be close to the sea, have tidal energy, but also have physical installations such as reservoirs and turbines.
They are usually located in areaswhere tidal energy is relatively abundant.
< p>First, the amplitude of the tide. It must be large, at least a few meters. Secondly, the topography of the coastline must be capable of storing a large quantity of seawater and allowing the realization of civil engineering projects. Advantages:1. Tidal energy is a clean and renewable energy that does not pollute the environment and does not affect the ecological balance. The tide rises and falls every day, again and again, and is inexhaustible. It can become an important supplementary energy for the needs of life, production and national defense in coastal areas.
2 It is a relatively stable and reliable energy source which is rarely affected by natural factors such as climate and hydrology. . It can be used throughout the year. Total electricity production is stable and there is no impact of wet and dry yearss and wet and dry periods.
3. Tidal power plants do not need to flood a large amount of agricultural land to form a reservoir. So there are no complex problems such as population migration and flooding of agricultural land. Additionally, marine dams can be used to promote the reclamation of large areas of mudflats, and aquaculture, water conservation, marine chemicals, and transportation can be combined to promote comprehensive use. This is an exceptional advantage in coastal areas where there are many people but little land and agricultural land is of high value.
4. Tidal power plants do not need to build high dams. Even if natural disasters such as war or earthquake occur and the dam is damaged, it will not cause serious disasters to downstream cities,x agricultural land or people's lives. and property, etc.
5. Tidal power combines primary and secondary energy, does not require fuel, is not affected by primary energy prices, and has low operating costs. But like river hydroelectric power plants, they have the characteristics of a large primary investment and a low cost of electricity production.
6. There are many units available, so there is no need to configure spare units.
(3) Disadvantages:
1. Tidal range and water height change frequently throughout the day. In the absence of specific adjustment measures, the flow is intermittent, which causes inconvenience for users. . However, an operating plan can be formulated in advance based on tidal forecasts and operated in conjunction with the large power grid to overcome itsintermittent.
2. The tide changes in half a month and the tidal amplitude can vary by twice, so the annual operating hours to guarantee production and installed capacity are also low.
3. Tidal power plants are built at the mouths of ports, usually with deep water and long dams, making construction, foundation treatment and anti-siltation difficult. Therefore, the investment in civil engineering and mechanical and electrical engineering is large and the cost is high.
4. The tidal power plant is a form of electricity production with a low water level and a high flow rate. The flow direction of the ebb and flow tide is opposite, so the turbine is large in size and consumes a lot of steel, and the water inlet and outlet building structure is complex. And because of immersion in sea waterSea water and oMarine organisms corrode and contaminate metal structures and offshore buildings, requiring special anti-corrosion and anti-adhesion treatment of marine organisms.
5. The tide change cycle is one lunar day (24h50min), the monthly cycle is about 14 days, and the daily high tide is about 50min late, so it does not match the daily energy demand. diagram given according to the lunar day. Although tidal power generation has the above disadvantages, it can be improved with the continuous improvement of modern technology. For example, adopting measures such as bi-directional or multi-reservoir power generation, the use of pumped storage and the integration of electricity grid regulation can compensate for the first gap; the use of modern floating caissons for construction can save construction investment cvile; and use vinyl series coatings, then use cathodic protection to overcome seawater corrosion and marine organism adhesion. (4) Tidal power generation is a form of hydroelectricity generation. There is no fundamental difference between the two in terms of electricity generation principles. Both need to build dams to form waterfalls and use hydroelectric generators to convert hydraulic power or tidal power into energy. Electric energy. Electric power generation is transported to load centers and so on via transmission lines. However, tidal energy still has many particularities compared to conventional hydroelectricity. For example, tidal power plants use sea water as the working fluid and use the difference between the sea water level and the sea level.water from the reservoir to produce electricity. prevention of adhesion of marine organisms is not encountered in conventional hydroelectric power plants; but tidal energy is a renewable and clean energy without pollution; Tidal power plants do not have the dry season problems of hydropower plants, the power is stable and accurate forecasts can be made. do ; the construction of tidal power plants does not require immigrants, not only is there no flood loss, but the reclamation of large areas of land has huge overall utilization benefits.
After the completion of the power plant, in addition to obtaining a large amount of electricity, it will also include comprehensive use benefits such as reclamation, aquaculture and tourism .