A generator refers to a mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is driven by a water turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine or other electrical machine. It converts the energy generated by water flow, air flow or fuel combustion. or atomic nuclear fission into mechanical energy and transmits it to the generator. It is then converted into electrical energy by the generator.
The working principle of the generator is based on the law of electromagnetic induction and the law of electromagnetic force.
The rotating rotor is an electrical conductor. The stator winding cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate an induced electric potential, and when connected to the loop, a current is generated.
Sometimes it is necessary to rotate the rotor in a rotating magnetic field to generate electrical energy, called a dynamic generator.
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Diagram of the principle of operation of the generator
Principle of operation of the overall alternator
When the external circuit feeds the excitation winding through the brush, a magnetic field is generated, causing The poles of the claws to be magnetized into N pole and S pole. When the rotor rotates, the magnetic flux changes alternately in the stator winding. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, it can be seen that an alternating induced electromotive force is ggenerated in the three-phase winding of the stator. This is how an alternator produces electricity.
The main motor (i.e. motor) drives the rotor of the synchronous generator excited by direct current to rotate at a speed n (rpm), and the stator winding three-phase induces an alternating potential. If the stator winding is connected to an electrical load, the motor will produce alternating current. The alternating current will be converted to direct current through the bridge rectifier inside the generator and output from the output terminal.
The alternator is divided into two parts: the stator winding and the rotor winding. The three-phase stator winding is distributed across the housing at an electrical angle difference of 120 degrees to each other. is composed of two polar claws. When the rotor winding is connected to direct current, it is energized and the two pole claws form the N pole and the S pole.Magnetic force lines start from the N pole, enter the stator core through the air gap, and then return to the adjacent S pole. Once the rotor turns, the rotor windings cut the magnetic lines of force, generating a sinusoidal electromotive force with a mutual difference of 120 electrical degrees in the stator windings, i.e. three-phase alternating current, then converted into direct current output via the rectifier element composed of diodes.
When the switch is closed, the battery first supplies current. The circuit is as follows:
Battery positive pole, charging indicator regulator contact, field winding, battery negative pole grounded. At this time, the charging light will light up because there is current flowing through it.
But after starting the engine, as the speed of the generator increases, the voltage across the generator also continues to increase. Whenthe generator output voltage is equal to the battery voltage, the potentials of the generator terminals “B” and “D” are equal. At this time, the charging indicator light turns off due to the potential difference between the two ends. is zero. Indicates that the generator is operating normally and the excitation current is supplied by the generator itself. The three-phase AC electromotive force generated by the three-phase windings of the generator is rectified by the diode, and then produces DC power to power the load and charge the battery.
Diagram of the working principle of the generator:
Generator Working Principle:
In simple terms, a generator converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. The rotation. of the rotor is driven by another energy. The rotor rotates in the magnetic field of the stator. The rotor (closed circuit) is affected by the magnetic field of the stator, thereby generating current.
In the generator, the magnet pushes the electrons from the conductor forward.
In the electric motor, the electrons in the metal push the magnet forward.
In an electric heater, electrons strike the electrical device, causing the atoms to shake, causing the temperature to increase.