The main shaft is equipped with rotor slip rings, stator slip rings, stator, rotor, stator track, direction change wheel, rotor track and pulley, etc. . The stator and rotor brushes fixed in the interior cavity of the shell produce the electrical energy. When the main shaft rotates, it drives the rotor track clockwise and drives the rotation of the direction change wheel. The stator track connected to the stator and the stator slip ring is driven by friction to rotate counterclockwise, so that the stator and rotor. in the generator operates in opposite directions to achieve The purpose of increasing the speed is to improve the efficiency of electricity generation. It features simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation and maintenance.
Principle ofhydropower generation
Required materials and tools: small engine (toy car), small wheels (toy car), six plastic spoons, two cans, wooden boards, Wire, pen refill ballpoint, hot melt glue gun, utility knife, glue, scissors, small electric drill
The specific steps are as follows:
1. Use a utility knife to cut. two cans, leaving the two bottoms as shown below.
2. Use a small electric drill to drill a hole in the center of the bottom of the box.
3. Glue the two cans together.
4. Use a utility knife to cut the plastic spoons, you need six.
5. Use a hot melt glue gun to glue the cut plastic spoon to the box.
6. Pay attention to the angle of the spoon, as shown below.
7. Use a thin wire to pass through the hole in the box.
8. On the small wooden board, use a hot melt glue gun to glue two small sticks.
9. Use scissors to cut the ballpoint pen refill into small sections.
10. Use a hot melt glue gun to glue the cut-out ballpoint pen refill to the top of the stick.
11. Pass the wire through the core of the ballpoint pen and secure it with a hot melt glue gun.
12. Use a hot melt glue gun to attach the small motor and the small wheel together.
13. At the end of the board, use a hot melt glue gun to attach a small piece of wood.
14. Use a hot melt glue gun to attach the small motor to the small block of wood.
15. Use black rubber straps to connect the cans and small wheels.
16. The small hydraulic generator is ready and can be placed under the tap for experimentation.
17. If thesmall light bulb of the small motor lights up, it means the production is successful and it can produce electricity.
When water with potential energy or kinetic energy is injected into the turbine, the turbine begins to rotate. If we connect a generator to the turbine, the generator can start producing electricity. If we raise the water level to flush the turbine, we can see that the speed of the turbine increases. Therefore, it can be seen that the greater the water level difference, the greater the kinetic energy obtained by the turbine and the greater the electrical energy that can be converted. This is the basic principle of hydroelectric power.
The energy conversion process is as follows: the gravitational potential energy of the upstream water is converted into the kinetic energy of the water flow. When the water flow passes through the hydraulic turbine, the kinetic energy est transferred to steam. turbine. The hydraulic turbine drives the generator to rotate and converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. It is therefore the process of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Due to the different natural conditions of hydropower plants, the capacity and speed of the hydropower generation unit vary.The variation range is huge. Generally, small hydrogenerators and high-speed hydrogenerators driven by impact turbines mainly adopt horizontal structures, while large and medium-speed generators mainly adopt vertical structures (see figure). Since most hydroelectric plants are located far from cities, they usually have to power the load via long transmission lines. Therefore, the electrical system imposes higher requirements on operational stability.ation of the hydroelectric generator: the engine parameters must be carefully selected. ; The required moment of inertia is large. The appearance of a hydrogenerator is therefore different from that of a steam turbine generator. Its rotor has a large diameter and a short length. The hydrogenerator unit requires a short time to start and connect to the grid, and the operation schedule is flexible. In addition to general electricity generation, it is particularly suitable as a peak shaving unit and as an emergency backup unit. The maximum capacity of the hydrogenerator unit reached 700,000 kilowatts.
As for the principle of a generator, it is very clear in high school physics. Its operating principles are based on the law of electromagnetic induction and the law of electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of its construction is: use magnetic materials andconductors suitable for forming magnetic circuits and circuits that conduct electromagnetic induction between them to generate electromagnetic energy and achieve the purpose of energy conversion.