Li Hongzhang, during the Westernization Movement, founded three modern enterprises: Jiangnan Manufacturing Administration, Kaiping Mining Bureau and Shanghai Machinery Weaving Layout.
At the end of the Westernization movement, in order to resolve the difficulties associated with funds, fuel, transportation and other aspects of the military industry, Westernizationists created a number of 'civilian industries under the banner of "seeking wealth". In 1872, Li Hongzhang established the Steamship Investment Promotion Bureau in Shanghai.
The first civilian enterprise founded by Westernizationists. only three years since its establishment, China Merchants Group has recovered more than 13 million taels of silver for the Qing government, expanded its business overseas, and broken the monopoly of foreign shipping companies
In. modern China, the mining, telegraph, postal, railway industriesovaries and others emerged one after another. Light industry also expanded vigorously during the Westernization movement. In 1880, Zuo Zongtang founded the Lanzhou Weaving Bureau and became the founder of China's modern textile industry.
China's modern textile industry, waterworks, power plants, unwinding machines, ginning, papermaking, printing, pharmaceuticals, glassmaking , etc. were all established in the 1870s and 1880s. Driven by the Westernization movement, China's civilian industry developed rapidly, laying the foundation for China's modern chemical industry.
Detailed information:
The military industry founded by the Westernization movement in its beginnings were financed by the Qing government's allocation, the products were distributed to the army inOur use and management method is feudal yamen style. Although these enterprises use mechanical production, they are essentially feudal government enterprises with capitalist elements.
In civilian industries founded at the end of the Westernization movement, investments primarily took the form of government-supervised business operations or commercial joint ventures between government and products. The products were mainly released to the market as commodities. , and the labor employment system was adopted in management, so they were basically feudal elements of capitalist enterprise.
In the process of establishing the military industry during the Westernization movement, the most difficult problems to solve were the problems of funds, raw materials, transportation, etc. Therefore, after the establishment of the millet industryity under the slogan of "self-strengthening", the westernization movement continued to "pursue wealth" "After the slogan, civil enterprises began to be established, focusing on a series of projects in line with military industry such as mining, smelting, shipping and railways.
Under the initiative of Westernizationists, many dignitaries were proud of establishing Westernization, which deeply shook the concept of "emphasis on agriculture and light on trade » over thousands of years of Chinese civilization, starting with the reform of Shang Yang. and promoted The development of modern Chinese economy and capitalism has greatly increased the number of capitalist economic components in the social economy, which is of great significance to the birth and development of modern Chinese enterprises and national capitalismal.