There is a certain gap between the water storage in the upstream valve and the downstream turbine. The water flow pushes the turbine to drive the generator, converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy, then entering the electricity into the generator. electrical network via the transformer. Hydroelectric generation requires two necessary conditions, one is sufficient height difference and the other is sufficient flow. This is why almost all large and medium-sized hydroelectric plants are built in the southwest.
The process of energy transfer and conversion in the principle of hydroelectric generation:
Water is at a high level and has gravitational potential energy.
As water flows downward, gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
Water impacts the waterwheel of the generator, causing the waterwheel to rotate. LThe water wheel drives the rotation of the generator, and the generator converts the mechanical rotational energy into electrical energy.
When the gravitational potential energy of the water is converted to kinetic energy, the water rushes into the turbine and the turbine begins to rotate. If we connect the generator to the turbine, the generator can. start producing electricity. If we connect When the water level is high to flush the turbine, we can see that the rotation speed of the turbine increases. Therefore, it can be seen that the greater the water level difference, the greater the kinetics. the energy obtained by the turbine, and the higher the electrical energy that can be converted. This is the basic principle of hydroelectric generation.
The energy conversion process It is: the gravitational potential energy of the upstream water is converted. in the kinetic energy of the water flow. LWhen water flow passes through the hydraulic turbine, the kinetic energy is transferred to the steam turbine and drives the generator to rotate and convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy. the process of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Due to the different natural conditions of hydroelectric power plants, the capacity and speed of the hydroelectric generator set vary greatly. These are generally small hydrogenerators and high-speed impact-driven hydrogenerators. turbines mainly adopt horizontal structures, while large and medium-sized hydroelectric generators mainly adopt vertical structure. Since most hydroelectric plants are located far from cities, they usually have to power the load via long transmission lines. The system puts forward higher requirements for operational stabilityrationality of the hydroelectric generator: Motor Parameters must be carefully selected; the rotational inertia of the rotor must be relatively large. Therefore, the appearance of the hydrogenerator is different from that of steam. turbine generator. Its rotor has a large diameter and a short length. The time required to start and connect the hydrogenerator to the network. It is short and has flexible operation and programming. In addition to general electricity generation, it is particularly suitable as a peaking plant. -a shaving unit and an emergency rescue unit.