The optimal operating condition of the hydraulic turbine refers to the operating condition with the highest eta. Generally speaking, hydraulic loss plays a major role in the condition. The flow loss and mechanical loss are relatively small and practically unchanged. Among hydraulic losses, losses by impact and by eddy currents are the most important.
Where eta refers to the ratio of the effective power of the turbine to the total power. The higher the eta, it means that unnecessary power loss is minimal and the electrical energy can be used to the fullest extent to spin the turbine.
A hydraulic turbine is an electrical machine that converts the energy of water flow into rotating mechanical energy. It is a turbine machine among fluid machines. As early as around 100 BC, the prototype of a hydraulic turbine - a water wheel - appeared in China, usingse to lift irrigation and drive grain processing equipment. Modern hydraulic turbines are mainly installed in hydroelectric power stations and are used to drive generators to produce electricity. In a hydroelectric power station, water from the upstream reservoir is directed to the turbine via the bypass pipe, pushing the turbine wheel to rotate and driving the generator to produce electricity. The water that has finished its work is discharged downstream through the tailrace. The higher the water height and flow rate, the higher the power output of the turbine.
The hydraulic turbine is an important equipment in hydroelectric power stations that converts water wheels into mechanical energy. According to the different energy conversion methods, it can be divided into two types: counterattack type and impact type. The type of counterattack uses the energy of pressure and the kinetic energy of the water flow, and the impact type uses the kinetic energy of the water. The main parts of the turbine: water diversion parts, water guide parts, working parts, drainage parts. The main structure of the Francis turbine
It consists of the channel, the main shaft, the guide bearing and the main shaft seal. , seat ring, volute and upper cover, lower ring, leakage ring (base ring), anti-leakage ring, anti-wear plate, guide vane and its operating mechanism, pit liner, ring crane in the pit, suction pipe, etc. .