Water consumption per second = N/H/K (cubic meters)
N——Hydroelectric power plant power (KW)
H——Nominal head of hydroelectric power station (meters)
K——Output coefficient: 8.0 ~ 8.5 is related to the efficiency of the unit
For example: hydroelectric power station has a nominal water height H = 100 meters when the electricity production power is. 1000KW, water consumption per second = 1000/100/8.2=1.22 (cubic meters), water consumption per hour = 4390 cubic meters, water consumption per day is 105,000 meters cubes.
How to calculate the water replenishment rate of power plants
The average efficiency of small and medium-sized hydropower generation units is 75% to 85%, and the average efficiency of large units is greater than 90%.
Hydroelectric power generation efficiency is calculated at 80%
Engine efficiency is calculated at 80%
Losses onalong the pump and pipeline, the efficiency is calculated as 85%
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Total efficiency = 80%*80%*85%=54.4%
Loss of 45.6% of electricity
The water turns into steam in the boiler of the thermal power station and passes through the turbine. Drive the generator to produce electricity, and the used water vapor condenses into water in the liquefier, then goes to the boiler.
It is difficult to have an exact value of the impact of the rate of water replenishment on the rate of coal consumption for electricity production. Because it is difficult to determine the proportion of steam and water losses in the water supply to a unit or power plant. According to speculation, it is estimated that a 1% increase in the water replenishment rate will affect the coal consumption rate for electricity generation by approximately 3 g/kW·h.
Water replenishment rate for electricity productionricity:
Water replenishment rate for power generation includes: steam and water loss rate, water replenishment rate of air cooling tower, water replenishment rate loss by blowdown of the boiler, self-use of the power plant. steam loss rate, start-up rate of boilers and steam turbines. Steam and water discharge loss rate, accidental water discharge loss rate, etc.
Water replenishment rate excluding electricity production:
The water replenishment rate excluding electricity production includes: steam for oil areas outside the production area the factory, direct heating for production excluding electricity production outside the factory area. factory area, steam for canteens and toilets outside the factory area, etc.
Detailed information
Operation standards
1. Starting, stopping andnormal operation of the unit line switch Normal startup- power on, off and The line switch has a high frequency of power off and power on operations. The power plant has developed standard and unified typical operating tickets for normal start-up and shutdown of the unit, as well as for shutdown and power transmission of the outgoing line, and improved and refined them , thereby standardizing operating standards and shortening operating time.
After receiving the operation order, the operator can complete the filling and review of the operation ticket in a short time after checking the order and checking the equipment, then operate item by item according to the steps indicated on the operation ticket, and the operation The order is only authorized to the value leader.
2. The busbar switching operation is standardized. There are many availableositives associated with the busbar switching operation, and the energy flow mode of the system must be further considered. it is difficult to create a unified standard operation ticket. To this end, based on long-term operating experience and actual operating requirements, the power plant has formulated a system suitable for bus switching operations.implementation standards.
Most busbar switching operations of 110 kV and above are predictable switching operations. According to the specific requirements, a detailed operation plan should be established in advance, a complete switching operation ticket should be prepared and. operators should be reasonably organized and prepare accident predictions for the switching operation to ensure the quality of the operation and not delay the operation time.
For the switching operation of the electrical system ofthe power plant below 110 kV, the standard switching operation procedure and the corresponding operation ticket can be prepared according to the state and possible operation elements of the power system of the power plant, and integrated into it. here. to the operation ticket execution system of the power plant management information system (MIS). In this way, it is possible to effectively avoid the power loss of important auxiliary equipment of the unit which threatens the safe operation of the unit during the switching operation of the electrical system of the power plant.
References:
References:
How to calculate the hydropower conversion rate
| (1) ∵The water flow between the cooling tower and the liquefier is 15m 3 /s, ∴The water flow between the tower cooling and the liquefier is 15m 3 /s s×1×10 3 kg /m 3 =15×10 3 kg/s, So the change in internal energy per unit time is: Q=cm (t-t 0 )=4.2×10 3 J/ (kg?℃)×15 ×10 3 kg cellpadding="-1" cellpacing="-1"> |
| Q |
| t |
| 8.82× 1 0 8 J |
| 1s |
| P Electric |
| P Machine + P Internal |
Answer: (1) The power of this system to dissipate heat through the cooling tower is 8.82× 10 8 W (2) The efficiency of converting water vapor energy into electricity; energy is 35.4% /td>
The conversion rate of hydropower has two aspects
< p> One is pure calculation. of the potential energy conversion of water. This is the efficiency of electrical energy, that is to say thatthe potential energy of the water is converted into the kinetic energy of the water, and the efficiency is then about 95%. converted into the kinetic energy of the hydraulic turbine, where the efficiency of the hydraulic turbine is about 90%, then it is converted into the kinetic energy of the generator. There is basically no loss here, then it is converted into electrical energy., here it is around 95%, and when combined with the output of the hydroelectric plant, the efficiency is usually around 80 %. Then converted to actual effective energy for end users, there is a huge gap here. A small, isolated power grid can be as low as less than 50%, and a large power grid can be as low as 85%.
Another concept of efficiency is the efficiency of total installed capacity. Generally, the nominal capacity is the maximum water height and flow, but in fact, due to the influence of dry periodshes, peak load regulation of the power grid, regular maintenance, etc., the average annual electricity production is generally about 40% of that of water. design value.