Mechanical energy (kinetic energy) is directly converted into electrical energy via a generator
According to different energy sources, it can be subdivided into water wheels, steam turbines, etc.
Working principle of synchronous generator
· Establishment of main magnetic field: DC excitation current passes through the excitation winding to establish an excitation magnetic field with alternating polarity, that is to say the main magnetic field is established.
· Current-carrying conductor: The three-phase symmetrical armature winding acts as a power winding and becomes the carrier of the induced electric potential or induced current.
· Cutting motion: The main motor drives the rotor to rotate (by entering mechanical energy into the motor). The alternating polarity excitation magnetic field rotates with the shaft and cuts each phase winding of the stator in sequencence(). equivalent to the opposite direction of the winding conductor) cutting the excitation magnetic field).
· Generation of alternating electric potential: Due to the relative cutting motion between the armature winding and the main magnetic field, a three-phase symmetrical alternating electric potential whose magnitude and direction changes periodically will be induced in the armature. winding. Through the conductive wire, AC power can be supplied. Please go to >>>
Principle of asynchronous generator
Working principle of DC generator
The working principle of DC generator is to induce l Induction in the armature coil The alternating electromotive force generated depends on the switching effect of the commutator and the brush, so that it becomes a continuous electromotive force when drawn from the end of the brush.
No DC voltage is applied to the brush and the main motor is usedused to rotate the armature counterclockwise at a constant speed. Both sides of the coil intersect the magnetic lines of force below the magnetic poles. of different polarities, and the electromotive force is induced there, the direction of the electromotive force is determined according to the right-hand rule. This electromagnetic situation is shown in the diagram. Since the armature rotates continuously, it is necessary that the sides of the coil ab and cd experienced by the current-carrying conductor in the magnetic field alternately intersect the magnetic lines of force under the N pole and the S pole, although than the induced electromotive force of each. Coil side and the whole coil is The direction is alternate. The emf induced in the coil is an alternating emf, while the emf at ends A and B of the brush is a continuous emf (to be more preciseis, it is a pulsed electromotive force with a constant direction). Because, during the rotation of the armature, no matter where the armature rotates, due to the switching effect of the commutator and the brush, the electromotive force induced by the brush A through the commutator part is always in the edge of the coil intersecting the N-pole magnetic lines of force. Electromotive force, so brush A always has positive polarity. Similarly, brush B always has negative polarity, so the brush tip can induce a pulsating vibration electromotive force with the same direction but changing amplitude. If the number of coils under each pole is increased, the degree of pulse vibration can be reduced and DC electromotive force can be obtained. This is how a DC generator works. This also shows that a DC generator is essentially an alternator with a collector.
From the locationBasic electromagnetic ation, in principle, a DC motor can operate as a motor or a generator, but the constraints are different. DC voltage is applied to both ends of the brushes of the DC motor and the electrical energy is entered into the armature. Mechanical energy is output from the motor shaft to drive production machines, and electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy. become a motor.If the main motor is used to drive the armature of a DC motor, but no DC voltage is applied to the brush, the end of the brush can extract DC electromotive force as DC power supply, which can produce electrical energy. The engine converts the mechanics. energy into electrical energy and becomes a generator. This is the principle that the same engine can be used as a motor or a generator. In motor theory, this is called the dream principle.rsible. For more details, please see >>>
The working principle of alternator
Please click to see the demonstration of the principle of alternator
The principle of turbine generator
A steam engine uses the expansion of steam at high temperature and high pressure to do work and converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the shaft main through the connecting rod and the crank. , driving the generator to produce electricity.
A steam turbine uses steam to drive the turbine to turn. The basic principle of its operation is similar to that of an ordinary wind turbine. The steam turbine is composed of a thick steel plate in the center and many dense plates. steel plates packed on the outer edge of the steel plate. The main structure consists of slats. When the high pressure superheated steam from the boilerre is sprayed from the nozzle onto the blades, the turbine begins to rotate. The higher the speed of the steam, the faster the turbine spins (i.e. the internal energy of the steam is transformed into kinetics). (energy of the steam during injection, and its kinetic energy and converted into mechanical energy of rotation of the machine shaft). For details, please see >>>
Principle of hydraulic generator
The installation structure of the hydraulic generator is generally determined by the type of hydraulic turbine. There are mainly the following types:
1) Horizontal structure Horizontal structure hydrogenerators are generally driven by impact turbines.
2) Vertical structure Domestic hydroelectric generators widely adopt a vertical structure. Vertical turbine generator sets are generally driven by Francis or axial flow turbinesal. Vertical structures can be divided into hanging and umbrella types. The generator stops located on the upper part of the rotor are collectively called suspension type, and those located on the lower part of the rotor are collectively called umbrella type.
3) Tubular structure The tubular turbine generator set is driven by a tubular turbine. A tubular turbine is a special type of axial flow turbine with fixed or adjustable blades. Its main characteristic is that the channel axis is arranged horizontally or inclined and corresponds to the direction of water flow from the inlet and outlet pipes of the turbine. The tubular turbine generator has the advantages of compact structure and light weight, and is widely used in low head power plants. For more details, please see >>>
Principles of manual generators
Principles of manual generatorswind energy
Principles and applications of new water-cooled alternators
Water-cooled alternators use water instead of a fan for cooling. The main heating part of the alternator is the stator, and the main cooling parts of the water-cooled alternator are the stator and the coil windings. The front cover and rear cover of the generator are made of aluminum and have water channels. The stator and coil windings are fixed and sealed with synthetic resin, and there are aluminum enclosures between the stator and rotor to isolate them from the water channel. The water channel is connected to the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected to the water system of engine cooling.
In this way, when sending When the engine is running, the cooling water circulates under the driverouting the engine water pump through the generator housing, it can effectively cool the stator coil windings and stator core, as well as other heating parts such as rotor, integrated. regulator and bearings.
Compared with air-cooled alternators, water-cooled alternators have a more complex internal structure, higher sealing requirements and higher costs. At the same time, due to the problem of water pipe connection, the installation layout is also subject to many restrictions and the degree of freedom is reduced. However, the power production and quiet performance of water-cooled alternators is unmatched by air-cooled alternators.
First, water-cooled alternators have good low-speed charging characteristics. We know that there is an "inflection point" on the characteristic curveistic of the alternator current, that is, the current will only be generated when it exceeds the "0 amp speed", and the current can only be charged when the current rises to a certain level. The speed above which the "inflection point" appears and the charging current is reached is related to the size of the excitation current.
Since the water-cooled alternator significantly suppresses the temperature rise of the stator, rotor and regulator, the excitation current can be increased accordingly. The higher the excitation current, the higher the output voltage. The water-cooled alternator also has good charging performance when running at low speeds. This low-speed charging performance is very important for the normal use of city cars.
Second, water-cooled alternators are quiet. Since the fan is omitteds, there is no noise from the generator fan. According to reports, at 3,500 rpm, the noise of a water-cooled alternator is 15 decibels lower than that of an air-cooled alternator.
The advantages of water-cooled alternators are favored and regarded as the development direction of automobile generators. Some people think that in 12 volt cars, air-cooled alternators are suitable for power supplies below 2,500 watts, and water-cooled alternators are suitable for power systems above 2,500 watts or 42 volts.
The reason why the waterwheel can rotate is mainly due to the gravity of the water in the water tank, breaking the balance of forces in the existence of the waterwheel.
So where does the weight of water come from? It is in fact produced by the interaction between the strength of the magnetic field emitted by the twanders and the strength of the magnetic field emitted by magnetic particles in water. The key here is to achieve continuous interaction strength.
At present, we already know that force is the instinct of magnetic material, and any phenomenon in the world is caused by the interaction of field forces magnetic. Then people can implement it. magnetic field in the water tank. Water acts like magnets and earth acts like a big magnet. The interaction between land, water and the waterwheel breaks the balance of forces of the waterwheel, and the existence form of the waterwheel changes and starts. turn.
Taking advantage of the fact that magnets attract and repel each other and that magnets interact within a certain field space, is it possible to create a perpetual motion machine like a water wheel? ?
The key issue here is force acquisition and interactiontion between the magnet materialIn terms of use, the interaction of forces between the magnets breaks the balance of forces on the disk, and the disk will rotate. By connecting its axis to the generator, electricity can be generated .