Hydrogen energy vehicles Hydrogen energy is a secondary energy source that is produced using other energy sources in some way, unlike coal, oil and natural gas, which can be extracted directly from the ground and rely almost entirely on fossil fuels. New ideal composite energy source, it has the following characteristics: l. The lightest element, under standard conditions, the density is 0.8999 g/l, and it can become liquid at -252.7 ℃ if the pressure is increased to several At. hundreds of atmospheres, l Liquid hydrogen can be transformed into metallic hydrogen. 2. The gas with the best thermal conductivity, 10 times higher than the thermal conductivity of most gases. 3. It is estimated that it constitutes the mass. of the universe 75% In addition to hydrogen in the air, it is mainly stored as compounds in water, and water is the substance lis more common on earth. It is estimated that if all the hydrogen in seawater is extracted. , the total heat generated by it will be greater than The heat released by all fossil fuels on earth is 9,000 times greater 4. Except nuclear fuels, the calorific value of hydrogen is the highest of all fossil fuels, chemical fuels and biofuels. , at 142,351 kJ/kg, three times the calorific value of gasoline 5. Good combustion performance, rapid ignition, wide flammability range when mixed with air, high flash point and speed rapid combustion. with other fuels, hydrogen is the cleanest and produces water and a small amount of hydrogen nitride. It will not produce environmentally harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, lead compounds and dust particles. will not pollute the environmentnment after proper treatment, and the water generated by combustion can continue to produce hydrogen, used repeatedly. The water produced is not corrosive and does not damage the equipment. Thermal energy through combustion produces mechanical work in a heat engine and can be used as an energy material for fuel cells or transformed into solid hydrogen. It can appear as a gaseous, liquid or solid metal. hydride, and can adapt to different requirements of storage, transportation and various application environments. 9. Long-distance high-voltage power transmission can be canceled and replaced with long-distance pipeline hydrogen transmission, safety is relatively improved and inefficient. energy loss is reduced.10. Hydrogen eliminates the noise source of the internal combustion engine and the hidden danger of energy pollution, and the utilization rate is high.11. Hydrogen can reduce fuel weight and increase vehicle payload. which can reduce transportation costs. The benefit of the whole process takes into account the total social benefit and is better than other energy sources. 12. Hydrogen replacing fossil fuels can minimize the greenhouse effect and can be found on Baidu
1. Is hydrogen a primary energy source or a primary energy source? 2. What is the difference between primary energy and primary energy?
Scientists predict that hydrogen energy could become an important secondary energy source in the 21st century. The calorific value of hydrogen reaches 1.2×10^6 J/kg, or 24 times that of gasoline. When liquid hydrogen is burned, it can produce a high temperature of around 1700°C, which can be used to cut metal. As a fuel for gas turbines, hydrogen can notonly produce electricity, but also generate high pressure steam for heating. As a general fuel for internal combustion engine or urban civil gas, it is even more superior. After the hydrogen is burned, it returns to water and water is produced. The hydrogen raw material can be recycled repeatedly and is a non-polluting energy source.
Hydrogen energy has abundant reserves. There are 1,000 grams of hydrogen for every 9,000 grams of water on earth. The source is stable and inexhaustible. It is easy to store and transport and can be bottled or piped. It reacts with certain active metals and can temporarily become solid to facilitate transport.
Methods for producing hydrogen from water include pyrolysis, electrolysis and photolysis. The hydrogen present in ammonia produced from coal or coke is obtained in decposing water vapor through a hot carbon layer. This is a typical pyrolysis method for hydrogen production. When salt is electrolyzed to produce caustic soda, hydrogen is released from the cathode of the electrolytic cell. Additionally, there is also a hydrogen production method that directly electrolyzes water. Another method is to mimic the photolysis of water to produce hydrogen that some natural plants possess. Scientists plan to build special nuclear power plants to produce hydrogen for water electrolysis. For example, it is economical and safe to build artificial islands and to build nuclear power plants on artificial islands. Water for electrolysis and cooling is easily accessible and away from residential areas. The hydrogen and oxygen produced are transported to earth using gas pipelines laid sou water, then special underground gas storages are dug on land to store the hydrogen using the natural gas storage method.
⑴Hydrogen is a primary energy source. ⑵ So-called primary energy refers to various energies and resources directly obtained from nature without processing or conversion. It includes: raw coal, crude oil, natural gas, oil shale, nuclear energy, solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, wave energy. energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy and ocean temperature difference energy, etc. Energy products obtained after processing and conversion of primary energy are called secondary energies, such as: electricity, steam, gas, gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, alcohol, biogas, hydrogen and coke, etc. The primary energy can bedivided into two categories: renewable energies and non-renewable energies. Renewable energy includes solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, biomass energy, wave energy, tidal energy, ocean temperature difference energy, etc.
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