How water freezes and expands

Introduction The principle of freezing expansion of water The principle of freezing expansion of water means that the volume of water increases when it is cooled below 0 ℃. This is because the molecular structure of water changes. Relevant knowledge is as follows: 1

How water freezes and expands

The principle of freezing expansion of water means that when water is cooled below 0°C, its volume increases, because the molecular structure of the water has changed . Relevant knowledge is as follows:

1. The reason water freezes and expands is the interaction between water molecules. In liquid water, there are strong hydrogen bonding interactions between water molecules, which force the water molecules to be arranged closely together. However, when water cools below 0°C, the arrangement of water molecules changes and they form a crystal structure called "ice".

2. The interaction between water molecules weakens. They are no longer as closely arranged as in liquid water, but form a loose crystalline structure. When water freezes, the size of water molecules increases, leading to a corresponding increase in volume.water light. This is the phenomenon when water freezes and expands.

3. The Hazards of Freezing and Expanding Water While freezing and expanding water is helpful in some ways, it can also cause some dangers. For example, when water freezes in a water pipe, it can burst, causing problems such as water leaks or a drop in water pressure. When water freezes and expands, it pushes away surrounding objects, potentially causing damage to buildings, roads and other structures.

Knowledge related to water

1. Properties of water is a transparent, colorless compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom and has a molecular weight of 18. Water is in a liquid state at room temperature and is colorless, tasteless, odorless and non-conductive. The boiling point of water is 100°C and the freezing pointis 0°C.

2. Water distribution. The distribution of water on the earth's surface is uneven. The ocean is the largest body of water on the planet, making up approximately 71% of Earth's surface area. Terrestrial water is mainly distributed in rivers, lakes, glaciers and groundwater. The amount of water on Earth changes with time and seasons, but generally maintains a dynamic balance.

3. Water cycle. The water cycle refers to the process by which water evaporates from the ocean into the atmosphere and returns to the land or ocean through precipitation. This cyclical process has a significant impact on the climate and terrestrial ecosystems. During the cycle, water goes through different states such as gas, liquid and solid.

Whether in water or ice, there is a hydrogen bonding force between the oxygen atoms of a water molecule and the hydrogen atoms of water molecules enviramazing. This is also the reason why water has a higher boiling point than ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.

Once water has frozen into ice, its density does not increase, but decreases. The reason is also due to hydrogen bonds.

When water is liquid, it flows better, just like a busy dance hall. Two water molecules meet, kiss and form a bond. They dance for a short while, then quickly leave. to find a new dance partner. After freezing, under the intense cold of ice and snow, the water molecules calmed down a lot and returned to their place. Hydrogen bonds formed between adjacent water molecules, forming a regular tetrahedral structure. This tetrahedral structureThe space utilization rate is low, only 34%, so ice is looser than water, and its density is only 0.9 times that of water. This gives usallows us to observe the abnormal phenomenon of ice floating on water.

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