How do scientists use seawater to produce electricity?

Introduction How do scientists use seawater to produce electricity? Of course, there will be many difficulties in moving from scientific experiments to actual production. Chief among them is the need to pump water from deep waters below 1,000 meters.

How do scientists use seawater to produce electricity?

Of course, there will be many difficulties in moving from scientific experiments to actual production. The most important of these is the considerable amount of electricity required to pump water to depths less than 1,000 meters. Where does such a quantity of electricity come from? It is obvious that these energy needs cannot be met under current conditions.

However, scientists have still found a trick: they plan to use the temperature difference between the surface layer and the depths of the sea in tropical and subtropical seas to generate electricity. generation method. That is, the design combines a marine breeding farm and a power plant with sea water temperature difference.

According to scientists' calculations, due to the strong sunlight of tropical and subtropical seas , there are up to 6,250,000 billion cubic meters of hot wateravailable for electricity production in this maritime area. If people use 1% of the hot water each time to generate electricity, then pump the same amount of deep sea water for cooling and use that electricity for animal husbandry, 750 million tons of various types of seafood can be obtained every year. This is equivalent to four times the total amount of fish and meat consumed by humans in the mid-1970s. Using this data, it is not difficult to see that it is entirely possible that the ocean could become the future the granary of humanity.

When water with potential energy or kinetic energy is injected into the turbine, the turbine begins to rotate. If we connect a generator to the turbine, the generator can start producing electricity. If we raise the water level to flush the turbine, we can see that the speed of the turbineincrease. Therefore, it can be seen that the greater the water level difference, the greater the kinetic energy obtained by the turbine and the greater the electrical energy that can be converted. This is the basic principle of hydroelectric power. The energy conversion process is as follows: the gravitational potential energy of the upstream water is converted into the kinetic energy of the water flow. When the water flow passes through the hydraulic turbine, the kinetic energy is transferred to the steam turbine. generator to rotate and convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. It is therefore the process of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Due to the different natural conditions of hydropower plants, the capacity and speed of hydroelectric generator set vary greatly. Generally, small hydrogenerators and high speed hydrogenerators driven by gas turbinesimpact mainly adopt horizontal structures, while high and medium speed generators mainly adopt vertical structures. Since most hydroelectric plants are located far from cities, they usually have to power the load via long transmission lines. Therefore, the power system imposes higher requirements on the operational stability of the hydroelectric generator: the engine parameters must be carefully selected. ; The required moment of inertia is large. The appearance of a hydrogenerator is therefore different from that of a steam turbine generator. Its rotor has a large diameter and short length.

The hydrogenerator unit requires a short time to start and connect to the grid, and the operation schedule is flexible. In addition to general electricity production, it is particularly suitable as a shaving unit.ent of peaks and as a clipping unit. emergency rescue unit. The maximum capacity of the hydrogenerator unit reached 700,000 kilowatts. As for the principle of a generator, it is very clear in high school physics. Its operating principles are based on the law of electromagnetic induction and the law of electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of its construction is: using suitable magnetic and conductive materials to form magnetic circuits and circuits that conduct electromagnetic induction among themselves to generate electromagnetic energy and achieve the conversion goal of energy.

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