The law of conservation of energy is well known to us. According to the law, we know that energy can be converted into different forms and converted into each other. For example, a wind turbine can use the rotation of the wind to drive a propeller to convert wind energy into mechanical energy and finally into electrical energy. Solar panels installed in every home in rural areas now use the photovoltaic effect to convert light energy into electrical energy and store it. Electrical energy can also be converted into light energy using electric lamps.
There are two main forms of solar energy applications: photovoltaic and photothermal. Light energy can be converted into electrical energy, thermal energy and chemical energy. Essentially, light is absorbed by the medium via various channels, thereby inducing the excited state of the medium. It existsmany forms of excited states in media, most of which are obtained by absorbing photons.
When “solar energy” comes into contact with molecules forming an excited state, the electrons in the molecular orbitals will be pushed into empty orbits. Because the molecular structure has changed, the molecule becomes a more powerful oxidizing and reducing agent than before. When this molecule is in an excited state and encounters a more powerful oxidizing or reducing agent, an electron transfer occurs and the original shape of the molecule is completely changed. The products are ionic radicals and oppositely charged foreign reactants. It is the process by which solar energy is converted into electrical energy.
The process of converting light energy into chemical energy: electrons cause the atomic nucleus to move, making it impossible for electrons to return to their original position, resulting in chchanges in the state and composition of matter. This conversion process is different from the conversion process to electrical energy in that the electrons do not flow from the anode to the cathode, but remain directly in the "acceptor".
Convert light energy into heat energy: The collision between photons transfers the kinetic energy they carry to the affected particle, increasing its energy, thereby reducing its own energy, then continues to strike d other particles. energy. Simply put, you throw a ball and give it some kinetic energy. When it hits other balls, the other balls move and the kinetic energy of the thrown ball is reduced.