Solar panels can be used on glass, which will affect some conversion efficiency. The main market for power generation is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Crystalline silicon solar cells have relatively low equipment costs, but the consumption and costs of the cells are high, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high, which makes them suitable for power generation under the outdoor sunlight;
Thin-film solar cells have relatively low equipment costs. It is higher, but the battery consumption and cost are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of that of crystalline silicon cells, but the low light effect is very good andcan also generate. electricity under ordinary light, like solar cells in calculators.
Detailed informationA solar cell is a device that reacts to light and can convert light energy into electricity. There are many types of materials that can produce photovoltaic effects, such as: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, copper selenium indium, etc. Their principles of energy production are basically the same. Today, crystalline silicon is used as an example to describe the photovoltaic power production process. Crystalline P-type silicon is doped with phosphorus to obtain N-type silicon, forming a P-N junction.
When light irradiates the surface of the solar cell, part of the photons are absorbed by the silicon material; the energy of the photons is transferred to the silic atomsium, causing electrons to transition and become free electrons. accumulate on both sides of the P-N junction to form a potential difference, when the external circuit is connected, under the action of this voltage, a current will flow through the external circuit to produce a certain output power. The essence of this process is: the process of converting photon energy into electrical energy.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Solar Panels
What will happen if the glass on my solar panel is broken?
1. : Its function is to protect the main power generation body (such as battery cells). There are requirements for the selection of light transmission. The light transmittance must be high (usually above 91%) and it must be treated with it. ultra-white temper.
2. EVA: used for bonding and fixing tempered glass and main bodypal of energy production (battery sheet). The quality of the transparent EVA material directly affects the lifespan of the exposed EVA component. the air is prone to aging and yellowing. This affects the light transmission of the component.
This affects the quality of the module's power output. In addition to the quality of the EVA itself, the module manufacturer's lamination process also has a big impact. For example, the adhesion degree of EVA is not high. to standards, as well as the bonding strength of EVA, tempered glass and backplane. If this is not enough, it will cause premature aging of the EVA and affect the life of the components.
3. Cells: The main function is to produce electricity. The main market for power generation is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages.ages and disadvantages. The equipment cost of crystalline silicon solar cells is relatively low, but the consumption and costs of cells are high. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high, so it is more suitable to generate electricity under outdoor sunlight.
Thin film solar cells have relatively high equipment costs, but the consumption and battery costs are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of that of cells made of crystalline silicon, but the low light effect is very good, under ordinary light. Can also produce electricity, like solar cells in a calculator.
4. Backplate: function, sealing, insulation and waterproofing. Generally use TPT, TPE and other materials must be resistant to aging. Most compo manufacturerssants offer a 25 year warranty. Tempered glass and aluminum alloy generally pose no problem.
5. Aluminum alloy: protects rolled parts and plays a certain sealing and supporting role.
6. Junction Box: Protects the entire power generation system and serves as a power transfer station. If any component is shorted, the junction box will automatically disconnect the shorted battery string to avoid burning. the entire system. The most critical part of the junction box is the diode. Diode selection depends on the cell type of the module.
7. Silica gel: sealing function, used to seal the junction between components and aluminum alloy frames, components and junction boxes. Some companies usually use double-sided tape and foam to replace silica gel. used in China and the process is simplee, practical, easy to use and inexpensive.
The following describes two methods of manufacturing solar panels.
Solar panel manufacturing method (1)
The first step: first put the titanium dioxide powder into a mortar and grind it with the adhesive, then use a glass rod to slowly grind it on the conductive glass. Apply a film on top to make a titanium dioxide film. Put the titanium dioxide film under an alcohol lamp to sinter and solidify for 10-15 minutes, then let it cool. Step 2: Use natural dyes to color the titanium dioxide. .As the picture shows, put the fresh or frozen black plums, mountain plums, pomegranate seeds or black tea, use a large spoon to extract the juice, then put the titanium dioxide film to color. 5 minutes until the film layer turns dark purple. If both sidesof the film layer are colored. If it is uneven, you can put it in and soak it for 5 minutes, then rinse it with ethanol and gently dry it.
Step 3: Make the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. It is composed of a layer of SnO2 conductive film, and a layer of graphite is evenly coated on the conductive surface with a 6B pencil.
Step 4: Add electrolyte and use the solution containing iodide ions as the electrolyte of the solar cell. As the picture shows, just add one to two drops of electrolyte on the surface of the titanium dioxide film.
Step 5: Assemble the battery. Place the colored titanium dioxide film on the table, drop one or two drops of electrolyte containing iodine and iodide ions on the film, and then place the conductive surface of the negative electrode Press on the titanium dioxide membrane. Slightly offset the two pieces of glass so that theexposed part can be used as an electrode for the test. Use two pliers to tighten the battery and your solar battery is ready.
Step 6: Test the battery Under outdoor sunlight, a solar cell with an open circuit voltage of 0.4V and a short circuit current of 1mA/cm2 can be obtained.
Solar panel production method (2)
1. The first step is to connect the battery sheets in series with copper tape. A battery chip is equivalent to a small power generation unit, which can generate a current of 0.5V and 5.2A. By connecting a number of battery chips in series with copper strips, it is possible to obtain more energy production.
2. Then the battery sheets must be sealed and isolated from air, otherwise they will gradually decompose until the electricity generation rate is zero. Therefore, the second step consistste to use tempered glass, EVA and back plate. After heating and vacuuming, the battery wafers can be sealed between the glass and the backplate.
3. However, tempered glass is not durable enough and is easily damaged, especially at the corners. Therefore, the third step is to place aluminum frames around it to protect it. After the above three steps, the solar panel is produced.
Detailed informationApplication fields of solar panels
User solar power supply:
(1) Small power supply ranging from 10 to 100 W, used in remote areas without electricity Such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border posts and other military and civilian electricity, such as lighting, television, radio, etc. ;
(2) 3 to 5 kW grid-connected domestic rooftop power generation system;
(3) Photov water pumpoltaic: Solves the problem of watering and irrigating deep water wells in areas without electricity.
2. Transportation field: such as navigation beacon lights, road/railroad signal lights, warning/signal lights, Yuxiang street lights, high-altitude obstacle lights, highway wireless telephone booths /railroads, route changes without supervision. food, etc.
3. Communication/communication field: unattended solar microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/messaging power supply system; rural operator telephone photovoltaic system, small communication machine, soldier GPS power supply, etc. .
4. Oil, ocean and weather fields: cathodic protected solar power systems for oil pipelines and reservoir valves, aemergency and standby power supplies for oil drilling platforms, ocean sensing equipment, weather/hydrological observation equipment, etc.
5. Lighting power supply: such as garden lights, street lights, portable lights, camping lights, mountaineering lights, fishing lights, black light lights, rubber tapping lights, lamps energy saving, etc.
6. Photovoltaic power plants: independent photovoltaic power plants from 10KW to 50MW, wind and solar (diesel) complementary power plants, various charging stations for large parking power plants, etc.
7. Solar buildings: The combination of solar power generation and building materials will make future large-scale buildings electricity self-sufficient, which is a major development direction for the future.
8. Other fields include:
(1) Automotive support: solar cars/electric cars, battery charging equipment, car air conditioners, fans, cold drink boxes, etc. ;
(2) Regenerative energy production system for solar hydrogen production and fuel cells;
(3) Power supply for water desalination equipment sea water;
(4) Satellites, spacecraft and space solar power plants await.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Solar Panels
There is no reaction and will not affect the normal use of power generation, but the efficiency of electricity generation will decrease, and solar energy will be lost once the glass is broken. The battery panel will not be waterproof.
Solar panels, also known as solar chips, are optoelectronic semiconductor sheets that usesunlight to directly produce electricity. They play an important role in various fields of new energy. They are widely used in photovoltaic products. . Simple solar cells cannot be used directly as energy sources. As a source of energy, several individual solar cells must be connected in series, parallel and in sealed assemblies.
Detailed information:
The working principle of n-type solar crystalline silicon/ p cells: When a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor are closely combined, a p-n junction forms at the interface between the two. When the photovoltaic cell is illuminated by sunlight, positive and negative charges accumulate on both sides of the p-n junction, generating photovoltage and forming an integrated electric field.D. This is the “photovoltaic effect”.
Theoretically, at this point, if the electrodes are removed from both sides of the built-in electric field and connected to a suitable load, a current will be formed and power will be obtained on the load. Solar cell modules are solid-state devices that use the electronic properties of semiconductor materials to achieve photovoltaic conversion.
Reference documents:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Solar Panels