1. PVB and EVA
EVA requires two layers; It is pressurized at high temperature by a laminator and becomes one after cooling, which plays a role in fixing and bonding.
PVB is a building material with much better weather resistance, but is more than three times more expensive than EVA. EVA is the mainstream of monocrystalline silicon packaging. For amorphous silicon, we choose PVB for packaging.
2. The difference between TPT, PET and DNP.
In order to maintain the best operating conditions of solar cells and maintain a lifespan of 25 years, the backsheet material used must have properties such as UV resistance, barrier water vapor and weather resistance. TPT, PET and DNP are just synonyms for solar cell back films, which play a very good role in protectionsolar cells.
Solar cell back films are mainly divided into two categories: fluorine-containing back films and non-fluorine back films. Among them, the fluorine-containing back film is divided into two types: double-sided fluorine-containing (such as TPT) and single-sided fluorine-containing (such as TPE), while the non-fluorine back film is mainly made of many elements ; layers of PET glued together with glue.
TPT refers to using DuPont's TEDLAR (trade name) PVF film on both sides of the back solar film, and adding a layer of transparent PET in the middle for lamination , i.e. TEDLAR+PET+TEDLAR, hence the name TPT.
The fluorine-free back film made of multiple layers of PET bonded together with adhesive cannot meet the environmental tests of 25 years of damp heat, dry heat, ultraviolet and other environmental tests.ementals of commercial crystalline silicon solar cell modules. due to the characteristics of the material itself. Considering the usage requirements, it is difficult to be suitable for crystalline silicon solar cell module packaging.
The outermost layer of the DNP backsheet is made of PET with excellent water resistance, followed by DNP's unique highly durable adhesive layer, which ultimately achieves the excellent product durability.
Generally, companies use EVA+PET.
Inform me about the material of the backsheet of solar modules
There are five layers in the cross section of a solar panel: photovoltaic glass, l 'EVA, solar cells, EVA and back sheet. . (Tedlar film is the backsheet)
The solar cell backsheet is located on the back of the solar panel, protecting and supporting the cells, and has reliable insulation, water resistance and aging resistance.
Usually has a three-layer structure (?PVDF/PET/PVDF?). The external protective layer ?PVDF?has good resistance to environmental erosion. The middle layer is made of ?PET?a polyester film with good insulating properties. PVDF and EVA layers have good bonding properties.How solar panels convert thermal energy into electrical energy
Essentially.
TPT Strictly speaking, TPT refers to the three-layer composite film of Tedlar+PET+Tedlar made from DuPont Tedlar. DuPont's fluoride research ranks among the best in the world. In principle, no opponents. In addition to the Gore company, perhaps you can try - however, Gore can be considered a company spun off from DuPont. Tedlar is currently produced only by DuPont. It's ethylenefluorinated.
TPE This is a general term. Thermoplastic elastomer. Typically includes block copolymers (styrene resins, copolyesters, polyurethanes and polyamides), as well as thermoplastic elastomer blends and alloys (thermoplastic polyolefins and thermoplastic vulcanizates). Among them, block copolymers are relatively widely used. Contains styrene resins and hydrogenated resins.
Composite composed of BBF EVA+PET+THV. Typically, three-layer coextrusion is used. THV resin is a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and fluorinated vinylene. It is the strongest fluoropolymer available and has the highest level of optical clarity.
Ethylene-vinyl acetate resin EVA. The flexibility and grip are not very good, but they are cheap.
Above.
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Actually, TPT and BBF are similar. You can choose.But the cost is quite high. The main reason is that these two products are basically in a monopoly state. I heard that an analogue of TPT was developed in China. I do not know how.
It will be damaged under heavy force destruction.
5G actually chooses a cell phone case? mophie's new series of mobile phone cases are drop-proof and compatible with 5G signals
Solar panels can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy.
Solar power generation methods There are two solar power generation methods: one is the light-heat-electricity conversion method and the other is the light-direct conversion method. electricity.
(1) The light-heat-electricity conversion method uses thermal energy generated by solar radiation to produce electricity. Generally, a solar collector convertsit absorbs thermal energy into steam as the working fluid, then drives it away. a steam turbine to produce electricity. The first process is a process of converting light into heat; the second process is a process of converting heat into electricity.
(2) The direct light-to-electricity conversion method uses the photoelectric effect to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The basic device for converting light into electricity is the solar cell.
According to currently known technology, only photovoltaic solar panels can directly convert the sun's radiant heat into electrical energy. Thermoelectric conversion materials directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy. It is an all-solid method of energy conversion that does not require chemical reactions or fluids.
ByTherefore, there is no noise, no wear, no fluid leakage and no volume during the power generation process. With the advantages of small size, light weight, easy movement and long service life, it occupies an "irreplaceable" position in special application fields such as military batteries and l long-range space. sensors, long-distance communications and navigation, and microelectronics.
Detailed information:
(1) Tempered glass: Its function is to protect the main power generation body (such as battery cells). There are requirements for its light transmission selection:
(2) EVA: Used for binding. and attach the tempered glass and power generation main body (battery chip), EVA material quality transparent directly affects the life of the EVA component exposed to air is prone to aging and yellowing, thereby affecting light transmission. of the component, thereby affecting the power generation quality of the component in addition to the quality of the EVA itself, the lamination process of component manufacturers also has a great impact. For example, if the adhesion of EVA is not up to standard, and the bond strength between EVA and tempered glass and backplane is insufficient, it will cause premature aging of EVA and will affect the life of the components.
(3) Cells: The main function is to produce electricity. The main market for power generation is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Crystalline silicon solar cells have equivalence costsrelatively low power, but high consumption and cell costs. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high, and they are more suitable for generating electricity under outdoor sunlight.
Thin film solar cells have relatively high equipment costs, but the consumption and battery costs are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of that of cells made of crystalline silicon, but the low light effect is very good, under ordinary light. Can also produce electricity, like solar cells in a calculator.
(4) Back plate: Function, sealing, insulation and waterproofing. Typically, TPT, TPE and other materials are used and must be resistant to aging. Most component manufacturers offer a 25-year warranty. Tempered glass and aluminum alloyum generally pose no problem. .
(5) Aluminum alloy: protects rolled parts and plays a certain sealing and supporting role.
(6) Junction box: Protects the entire power generation system and acts as a power transfer station. If any component is shorted, the junction box will automatically disconnect the shorted battery string to avoid burning. of the entire system. The most critical thing in the junction box is the selection of diodes depends on the type of cells in the module, and the corresponding diodes are also different.
(7) Silica gel: sealing function, used to seal the junction between components and aluminum alloy frames, components and junction boxes. Some companies use double-sided tape and foam to replace silica gel. commonly used in China. The process Simple, practical, easyeasy to use and inexpensive.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Solar panels
A look at the 5G network is gradually becoming more popular. Many users who have used 5G mobile phones often complain about weak signal. It may not be a problem with the mobile phone or carrier. Remove the phone case and try, maybe the signal will be too strong. better.
This is not a joke. Everyone knows that 5G network has faster speed, larger bandwidth and lower delay, in addition to the method of transmitting signals to fixed points, high frequency communication. technology is also essential.
The frequency band under 4G network is 2-3GHz, and in 5G, the low frequency band overlaps with the 4G network, but the high frequency bandThe frequency range can reach between 25GHz and 52GHz. .6 GHz. Under such signalshigh frequency, the “dielectric constant” of the material must be very high.
Here is an explanation of “dielectric constant” from Baidu Encyclopedia. It doesn't matter if you don't understand it very well either.
On a human level, the dielectric constant is very critical for high-frequency communication technology such as 5G network. If the dielectric constant of the material used in the cell phone case is too high, the transmission speed will be lower. The 5G network will slow down. This will cause signal disconnection or delay, what we often call poor signal.
Let's talk about a material with a high dielectric constant: metal In the 3G era, metal protective cases could still be used, but they have now almost disappeared. In the 5G era, metal phone cases will no longer be seen. The most common materials now are materialsTPU and TPE. In particular, TPE phone cases are likely to become the standard in 5G networks.
What are the characteristics of TPE?
The full name of TPE is "thermoplastic elastomer", which is a type of artificial rubber. It is more environmentally friendly and has very good plasticity. The most important thing is that the dielectric constant is very high. low, making it very suitable for 5G networks below.
Most of the most common 5G signal-compatible cell phone cases on the market are made of TPE. Is this kind of material that is environmentally friendly, feels good, and does not affect the signal perfect?
Of course not. The heat resistance of traditional TPE material is not as good as that of ordinary rubber. It is very easy to turn yellow when exposed to high temperatures for a long timeperiod. often placed in the hand, not only functionality but also appearance should be sought after. Very important. So in the 5G era, is there a better solution?
Anti-fall protective case made of mophie D3O series material, compatible with 5G signal
Of course, the PC is also made from a low-dielectric material, and many 5G cell phones are now original. The back shell is made of PC and PMMA composite sheets, which will not affect the signal and is not prone to yellowing.
mophie uses PC composite materials for the back panels of its series of mobile phone cases compatible with 5G signals. The Crystal Transparent series protective cases have a crystal clear texture and perfectly display the original iPhone back cover.
Of course, it doesn't stop there. Mophie also added a technPatented technology: the use of D3O material on mobile phone cases. This new material can effectively absorb external impacts. case. D3O material. This series of mobile phone cases can protect a height of 3m to 4m, which is real protection.
In addition to the use of new materials, new anti-printing and dyeing technology is added, which is much more durable than the most common TPE. mophie crystal series mobile phone cases can be kept. new.
In addition to the traditional Crystal Clear series, mophie also launches a protective case compatible with magsafe magnetic suction. For users who are "spoiled" by magsafe magnetic charging, using this protective case makes charger alignment and suction power easier. is stronger.
The new D3O material is still used around the hull of thephone for the safest protection, the most reliable anti-drop solution and the best magnetic wireless charging companion.
With the development of 5G networks, as the online experience improves, you should not be careless when choosing mobile phone cases. The new series of mobile phone cases from mophie are not only anti-drop but also 5G compatible. signals. Although the functions are complete, we cannot leave aside the appearance and personality. In addition to the Crystal Clear series, mophie has also launched many cell phone cases with different designs. Interested students can click the link below to learn more.