The two have the following differences:
1. Different principles of power generation
Thin-film power generation relies on thin-film solar cell chips that are light, thin and flexible, such as Intel chips (Intel Inside), are also integrated into various media to provide clean electricity. Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy.
2. Different uses
Thin film power generation is mainly used for mobile phones, iPads, backpacks, tents, clothing, special equipment or solar cars. It can be charged while driving in the sun. , eliminating dependence on charging batteries. Photovoltaic power generation is used for power generation deviceselectricity, such as solar water heaters.
3. Different application technologies
Thin film energy. generation uses solar chips to generate power, while photovoltaic power generation uses the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor interface to generate power
Information detailed:
Advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic energy production
Advantages
Whether from the world or from China, the conventional energy is very limited. China's primary energy reserves are far below the global average, accounting for only about 10% of the world's total reserves.
Solar energy is an inexhaustible renewable energy source for humanity and is entirely clean, safe and relative. long reliable and maintenance-free service life, resource adequacy and potential saving, etc., play an important rolein the long-term energy strategy.
Compared with commonly used thermal power generation systems, the advantages of photovoltaic power generation are mainly reflected in:
①No risk of depletion
②Safe and reliable, no noise, in addition to the absence of polluting emissions, it is absolutely clean (no pollution);
③It is not limited by the geographical distribution of resources and can take advantage of building roofs, for example, areas without; electricity and areas with complex terrain;
④Can generate electricity and provide electricity on site without consuming fuel or erecting transmission lines;
⑤High power quality;
⑥Easy to use users need to accept emotionally;
⑦ The construction period is short and the time spent on obtaining energy is short.
Disadvantages
However, panel productionSolar ows are characterized by high pollution and high energy consumption. In current conditions, it is still possible to produce panels for domestic use, but. large-scale exports are equivalent to polluting China and benefiting the world.
According to statistics, more than 40 kilograms of coal need to be burned to produce a 1mx1.5m solar panel, but even the most inefficient thermal energy A solar power plant in China can still use these coals which produce 130 kilowatt hours of electricity (typically, a 1m x 1.6m solar panel generates over 250 kilowatt hours per year) - this is enough to make a 2.2 watt light emitting diode (LED). The bulb glows for 30 years based on a 12-hour workday.
①The energy distribution density of irradiation is small, that is, it occupies a huge area
②The energy obtained is the same as that offour seasons;, day and night, cloudy and sunny and other weather conditions.
③ At present, compared to thermal power generation, the cost of generators is high.
④The manufacturing process of photovoltaic panels is not environmentally friendly.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Thin Film Power Generation
Baidu Encyclopedia - Photovoltaic Power Generation
What is the main cost of solar thin film
Models using solar energy include: Hanergy SolarO, SolarR, SolarL, SolarA, Peugeot Shoo, etc. Take Hanergy SolarA as an example: the car is equipped with its gallium arsenide solar film. Its length, width and height are: 4326 mm, 1808 mm, 1717 mm, and the wheelbase is 2880 mm. The entire SolarA vehicle has a mass of 1.2 tonnes. The maximum paved area of the vehicle body is 7.5 square meters when extended.It can generate electricity at about 8 to 10 degrees under sufficient sunlight for 5 to 6 hours a day. .It can travel about 80 kilometers per day, it can basically meet the needs of regular urban transportation.
One million car purchase subsidies
The cost of thin-film solar batteries is mainly due to the high technological content of production equipment, manufacturing processes Complex production and production capacity has not kept pace. However, at the same time, thin-film solar batteries Low material costs and automated production processes reduce overall costs. To truly understand the cost of solar cells, we still need to have a thorough understanding of electricity generation principles and production processes.
The current thin-film solar cells in the world are basically divided into four typeses: amorphous silicon thin film cells, copper indium gallium thin film cells (CIGS), cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film cells. film cells and gallium arsenide thin film cells.
1. Amorphous silicon solar panel
Amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells deposit a transparent conductive film (TCO) on a glass substrate, then use a plasma reaction to deposit p-type, i-type and n type three layers of a-Si, then evaporate the metal electrode to aluminum (Al). Light comes from the glass surface and battery current is drawn from the transparent conductive film and aluminum. Its structure can be expressed as follows: For glass/TCO/pine/Al, stainless steel sheets, plastics, etc. can also be used as substrates. The conversion efficiency of amorphous silicon is generally 5-10%.
Silicon solar cellsm amorphous use less materials, save energy and have low cost; they have good low light effect and their short wave response is better than that of crystalline silicon solar cells; temperature coefficients; amorphous silicon cell components are damaged due to shading. Power reduction is much better than crystalline silicon; the appearance has good consistency and is suitable for architectural use without affecting the beauty of the building.
However, the current efficiency of amorphous silicon components is much lower than that of crystalline silicon components. The efficiency of amorphous silicon generally does not exceed 10%. When constructing large-scale photovoltaic power plants, the required floor. The surface area will be larger than that of crystalline silicon, which is relatively impractical. Suitable for areas with strict requirementsyour in terms of floor space.
2. Copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS) battery panel
Copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cell is made of Cu (copper), In (indium) , Ga (gallium) ), Se (selenium) four elements constitute the optimal proportion of solar energy in crystalline thin film of chalcopyrite Batteries are the key technology that constitutes battery panels. Copper indium gallium selenide thin film material is a direct band gap semiconductor of compound I-III-VI2. The light absorption coefficient reaches around 105. The film thickness is about 1-2 μm and can absorb sunlight. The efficiency and production of large-area battery components are based on each company's preparation processes, generally between 10% and 15%.
Thin-film copper solar cells,Zhongyi Xingye indium gallium alloys have the characteristics of low production cost, low pollution, non-fading and good low light performance. The photoelectric conversion efficiency ranks first among all types of thin films. solar cells, close to crystalline silicon. The solar cells, whose cost is one-third that of crystalline silicon cells, are known internationally as "a very promising new thin-film solar cell for the next era." In addition, the battery has a soft and uniform black appearance, making it an ideal choice for places with high appearance requirements, such as glass curtain walls of large buildings. It has a large market in modern high-rise buildings and other fields.
Although CIGS cells have the advantages of high efficiency and low costt materials, they also face three main problems: (1) complex manufacturing process and high investment cost (2) insufficient supply of key raw materials (3) The CdS buffer layer is potentially toxic.
3. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Battery Panel
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Thin Film Battery is a photovoltaic device formed by sequentially depositing multiple layers of thin films on a glass or flexible substrate. . Compared with other solar cells, the structure of cadmium telluride thin film solar cells is relatively simple. Generally speaking, this type of cell consists of a five-layer structure on a glass substrate, namely a transparent conductive oxide layer (TCO layer). a window layer, a cadmium tellurium (CdTe) absorption layer, a back contact layer, and a back electrode layer. The efficiencyConversion rate of cadmium telluride thin film batteries is generally 8.5% to 10.5%.
CdTe is a II-VI compound semiconductor with a high absorption rate. It can absorb more than 90% of visible light with just 1 micron (μm) thickness, or 1/100 of monocrystalline silicon. is very suitable for manufacturing the absorbing layer of thin film solar cells is an important prerequisite for achieving low cost and low power consumption. The temperature coefficient of cadmium telluride thin film solar cell modules is about -0.25%/℃, which is about half that of crystalline silicon solar cells. Therefore, it generates more electricity than crystalline silicon cells with the same power rating and is higher. suitable for high temperature environments. The spectral absorption of solar cell modules atThin layers of cadmium telluride do not cover the water vapor absorption peak, so power production does not decrease in humid climates like crystalline silicon modules.
One of the main disadvantages of cadmium telluride is that it must be made of “extraordinary” materials. Cadmium is a highly toxic substance that can accumulate in the food chain like mercury, which is against green and environmental standards. protection. User-friendly, safe and non-toxic concept.
Thin film batteries consume less materials, have low preparation energy consumption, and component production can be carried out in a single workshop, with obvious cost advantages. If the efficiency of thin-film solar modules is almost the same as that of crystalline silicon cells, their value for money will be unprecedented. Layer batteriesthin films prepared on flexible substrates have the advantages of being rollable and foldable, not very prone to shock, lightweight and good performance in low light. The application of distributed photovoltaics, such as photovoltaic integration in buildings, will have prospects of wider applications in the future.
The best one at present is gallium arsenide thin film solar cell, with a conversion efficiency of more than 32%, please continue to learn more
L Source Article: Zhongyi Industrial Thin Film Solar Technology Expert