Generally made of monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon cells. Regardless of size, the voltage of a single cell in sunlight is about 5 V. As the light dims, the voltage decreases.\x0d\Material preparation: two transparent (thick) acrylic sheets. 1--3mm can be used), mobile phone size \x0d\ multiple battery sheets (connect the battery sheets in series according to the voltage you need to determine the number of sheets. Determine the size of each sheet depending on the power required, usually around 1.7 W/square decimeter) \x0d\Two power cords and several welding rods for soldering the battery slices\x0d\Clear glass glue or electric glue sticks. (once the battery strips are soldered, place them face down in the middle of the acrylic, with the first and last two soldering rods apartssant of the acrylic plate, then the putty is aligned and compacted with another piece of acrylic)\x0d\The process will not be explained in detail, you know\x0d\It is recommended to purchase small battery cells cut with solder tape, which is cheaper and more convenient.\x0d\I I just made two of these, and there are plenty of cells for sale (the quantity you want is only about ten or twenty yuan If anyone makes solar cells in your city, they can give you free samples)\x0d\For cell phones For charging, you need to string 11 to 12 wires, each piece is 5 to 10 centimeters. squares. The welding wires are connected. in series via wire and cell phone adapter and you can directly charge the cell phone under the sun
Solar panel Who knows how to make it? Do I need a familiar answer?
The production of solar cellss is mainly based on semiconductor materials. Its working principle is to use photoelectric materials to absorb light energy and then undergo photoelectric conversion reaction. Depending on the materials used, solar cells can be divided. in:
1. Silicon solar cells;
2. Batteries made of inorganic salts such as gallium III-V arsenide compounds, cadmium sulfide, copper, indium and selenium and other multi-component compounds. ;
< p>3. Large solar cells made from functional polymer materials;4. Nanocrystalline solar cells, etc.
Regardless of the material used to make the battery, the general requirements for solar cell materials are:
1. The band gap of the semiconductor material cannot be too wide;
2. It must have phot conversion efficiencyhigh oelectric:
3. The material itself does not cause pollution to the environment
4. and has stable hardware performance.
Based on the above considerations, silicon is the most ideal solar cell material, which is also the main reason why solar cells are mainly silicon-based materials. However, with the continued development of new materials and related technologies, solar cells based on other materials show increasingly attractive prospects.
There is an internal electric field at the PN junction of the solar cell that points from the N region to the P region. When sunlight hits the surface of a solar cell, a small part is reflected, and most of it passes through the anti-reflective film and enters the silicon cell. Photons with energy greater than the band gap are absorbes by silicon and photogenerated. the carriers are excited. The photogenerated holes generated in the N region will diffuse towards the PN junction. After entering the PN junction region, they will be pushed towards the P region by the internal electric field. The photogenerated electrons generated in the P region first diffuse towards the PN junction, and after entering the PN junction region, they are internal. The electric field pushes towards the N region. The electron-hole pairs generated in the rigid junction region are immediately pushed towards the N region and the P region respectively by the internal electric field. Therefore, in the illuminated solar cell, a large number of photogenerated electrons are accumulated in the N region, while a large number of holes are accumulated in the P region, and a photogenerated electromotive force appears on both sides of the junction PN. If a load is connected between the two electrodes, a current phot generator will pass through the load. Light energy from the sun is directly converted into electrical energy.
How to make a simple solar panel
To put it simply, it involves using solar cells and soldering them together in series or parallel to meet a specific voltage and current. .
Since solar cells are made of silicon wafers, they are extremely easy to break. It is therefore necessary to package the welded solar cells. Improves its resistance to external forces.
There are three packaging methods commonly used in the industry:
Epoxy resin encapsulation (suitable for low powers)
PET laminated packaging (suitable at low powers) )
Laminated tempered glass packaging
Firstly, design the cell size according to the glass size, generally of the distance between each edge of. the cell and the edge of the glassmeasure 5mm. With the main grid line of the battery as the center, use a cutting machine to cut the solar cells into several pieces. The number is the same as the number of glasses. during operation and wait for use after cutting.
Next, use a ruler and wallpaper knife to cut the EVA and backboard into several small pieces slightly larger than the glass. The amount of EVA should be twice that of glass. After cutting the support. by. Next, use scissors to cut the welding tape into several small sections slightly longer than the length of the glass. Wear PVB gloves when using and set them aside after cutting. After completing the above material preparation work, start using a soldering iron to solder ribbons on the grid main lines on both sides of the battery part. Do not usetoo much force to avoid crushing the battery part. Place the materials from bottom to top in order glass-EVA-battery sheet-EVA-backplane Once all are laid down, place them in the laminator to avoid misalignment, tape can be used to to stare. Remove the laminated small solar panels, wait for the temperature to drop to room temperature, use a wallpaper knife to remove excess material around the glass, and finally use a soldering iron to connect the independent small solar panels in series, and you can use them. .