In the ecosystem, such as the food chain: grass → rabbit → eagle, the rabbit eats grass, and the materials and energy stored in the grass during photosynthesis enter the rabbit's body. The eagle eats the rabbit, and the materials and. the energy stored in the rabbit's body arrives inside the eagle's body. Therefore, the material energy of the ecosystem flows along the food chain and food web. Physiological activities such as respiration of organisms consume energy, so it is gradually consumed by various organisms during the food chain and gradually decreases; the basis of the cycle of matter is the photosynthesis of plants, therefore the amount of solar energy fixed by the producers determines the ecology The number of consumers in the system.
So the answer is: matter; energy;
How does the energy fixed by the producer circulate?
(1) In the marine ecosystem, solar light emission decreases as water depth increases, so light is the main abiotic factor. affecting marine ecosystems. The most abundant producer is mainly algae.
(2) In offshore waters with a water depth of about 10 meters, producers have the most fixed light energy, so the number of producers is the largest.
(3) Below 100 meters of water, there is almost no sun. Animals and a variety of microorganisms mainly live there, so the main components are consumers and decomposers.
The answer is therefore:
(1) Photoalgae (or phytoplankton)
(2) 10
(3) Decomposition of consumption
The starting point of the energy flow is the fixed solar energy of the producer, and the energy is transferred step by step through thefood chain Solar energy is the energy source of all vital activities, it will enter into the ecosystem through the photosynthesis of green plants, and then transfer from green plants to various consumers, so we generally consider solar energy as the starting point of the energy flow as the initial starting point. The characteristic of energy flow is one-way flow: it means that the energy flow of the ecosystem can only flow from the first trophic level to the second trophic level and then back to the trophic level next in order. . Generally speaking, it cannot flow in the opposite direction. This is determined by the nutritional structure formed by the long-term evolution of organisms. If wolves prey on sheep, sheep cannot prey on wolves.