The moon itself does not emit light, it only reflects light from the sun.
The brightness of the moon changes with the change in the angular distance between the sun and the moon and the distance between the earth and the moon. The brightness ratio of the full moon is the upper and lower quarters more than ten times larger.
The average brightness of the moon is 1/465,000 of the brightness of the sun, and the brightness ranges from 1/630,000 to 1/375,000. The average brightness of a full moon is magnitude -12.7. The average illumination it gives to the earth is 0.22 lux, which is equivalent to the illumination of a 100 watt electric lamp at a distance of 21 meters.
The moon is not a good reflector. Its average albedo is only 9%, and the remaining 91% is absorbed by the moon. The albedo of lunar seas is even lower, around 7%. The albedo of the highlands and lunar craters is 17%, which makes the mountains brighter than the lunar sea.
The distance between the Moon and the Earth is about 1/400 of the distance between the Earth and the Sun, so the Moon is as big as the sun when viewed from Earth.
As there is no atmosphere on the Moon and the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of lunar surface materials are very low, the temperature difference between day and night on the lunar surface is large. During the day, the moon's surface temperature reaches 127°C, while at night, sunlight shines vertically; its surface temperature can drop to -183°C.
The temperature in the lunar soil can be measured using radio observations. This measurement shows that the temperature in the deepest parts of the lunar soil rarely changes. This is due to the low thermal conductivity of lunar material.
Under the long-term effect of gravity terremain, the center of mass of the Moon is no longer at its geometric center, but on the side close to the Earth. Therefore, the gravitational potential energy of the Moon relative to it. The Earth becomes smallest When the Moon orbits the Earth. During its revolution, the Moon's center of mass always faces one side of the Earth, as if the Earth were tying the Moon with a rope.
This is also the case for other satellites in the solar system, so it is not a coincidence that the rotation period and revolution period of the satellite are equal, but there are factors inherent.
Can infrared light reach the Moon?
Since the atmosphere can reflect light, the light we can see contains heat, but hot light will not burn our skin. In space, other planets do not have this atmosphere and therefore cannot emit light. We thinkSo we think space is dark, but in reality it is not.
Our lives change every day between day and night. In the entire solar system, only Earth does this. Of course, this is also because the Earth rotates, which is not the case on other planets. The same principle applies to the stars we can see at night. When we use instruments to detect space, we find that the area is fundamentally dark. Except for stars that can emit light, other places are dark. .
Many scientists have put forward their own conjectures about why the universe is dark. In the 17th century, a scientist proposed the vacuum theory. They believed that the reason there was no light in space was that these stars were in a vacuum, and therefore dark. But this theory was already called into question at the time, because some wereOils can emit light, otherwise there would be neither moon nor sun. In the 19th century, another scientist suggested that this was probably because the dust of the universe had a habit of absorbing all scattered light, making these places pitch black. However, there is still no way to prove this theory, so until now there is no convincing explanation for the lack of light there.
In modern times, scientists have proposed that this is probably because these perseverances have a lifespan and have light themselves, but because They are too far from the earth and the light energy they emit is very weak, so we cannot see it and think it is darkness. Although this statement has some basis, there is still no way to prove it with examples.
The infrared ray is a kind of wavee electromagnetic and any object emits an infrared ray (night vision devices rely on capturing infrared rays to see objects at night).
It depends on the power, it depends on factors such as the number of particles in the air and the wavelength of the laser.
Theoretically, the moon can be illuminated. 1. The effective distance of light is infinite. 2. Red light is the visible light with the strongest diffraction ability. It can easily bypass dust particles and throw them far away. 3. When you shine light on the moon, the probability of the light reaching the moon is greater than the probability of reaching the sun or any other planet. 4. When you shine for a long time, it can increase the probability of the light reaching the moon. 5. Make sure to set the focal length to infinity. 6. When a professional laser device is fired at the Moon, the aperture can return to the Terre, with a diameter of only a dozen kilometers (I don't remember exactly). If the laser light is used daily, the weather is good and it is illuminated for a long time at night, it is a total lunar eclipse, and a long exposure is used with a high sensitivity camera with a long focal length and a wide aperture, and there is a large-scale power outage nearby, you should also be able to see the reflected light.