How to convert solar energy into electrical energy?

Introduction How to convert solar energy into electrical energy? Do people imagine that it is possible to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy for our use? After extensive research by scientists, the world's first photovoltaic cell was developed in 19

How to convert solar energy into electrical energy?

People imagine that it is possible to directly transform solar energy into electrical energy for our use?

After long research by scientists, the world's first photovoltaic cell was successfully developed in 1954. The establishment of the photoelectric effect theory and the advent of semiconductor materials have promoted the research and development of solar cells. Currently, the most common are silicon solar cells.

Compared to other batteries, the structure of silicon solar cells is simple. The main part is a paper-thin silicon wafer. Some boron elements are uniformly doped on one side and uniformly doped on the other. on the other side, add phosphorus, then mount cells on both sides of these thin silicon wafers to create a silicon solar cell.

Under the irradiation of the sun, uAn electromotive force will be generated between the two electrodes. After connecting the electrical appliance, the electrical appliance can be powered.

Silicon solar cells do not require fuel or bulky, complicated equipment. They are light, small and convenient, and can easily convert about 15% of the solar energy that shines on them into electrical energy. This means that solar cells are an ideal energy source.

In daily life, some electronic calculators used by students use photovoltaic cells as a power source. As long as there is enough light, the calculator can work and does not require regular battery replacement.

Solar cells have been applied to artificial earth satellites, which directly use sunlight to obtain electrical energy in space and provide energy to various insinstruments and meters.

It will become a reality in the near future to widely and directly use solar energy to convert it into electrical energy and enable easy-to-clean and durable solar cells to enter family life .

How is solar energy transformed into electrical energy? There are several ways to illustrate this.

Solar panels can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy.

Solar power generation methods There are two solar power generation methods: one is the light-heat-electricity conversion method and the other is the light-direct conversion method. electricity.

(1) The light-heat-electricity conversion method uses thermal energy generated by solar radiation to produce electricity. Generally, a solar collector converts the absorbed thermal energy into vapor like fluid of twork, then trains him. a steam turbine to produce electricity. The first process is a process of converting light into heat; the second process is a process of converting heat into electricity.

(2) The direct light-to-electricity conversion method uses the photoelectric effect to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The basic device for converting light into electricity is the solar cell.

According to currently known technology, only photovoltaic solar panels can directly convert the sun's radiant heat into electrical energy. Thermoelectric conversion materials directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy. It is a completely solid energy conversion method that does not require chemical reactions or fluids.

Therefore, there is no noise, no wear, no escapete of fluid and no volume during the energy production process. With the advantages of small size, light weight, easy movement and long service life, it occupies an "irreplaceable" position in special application fields such as military batteries and l long-range space. sensors, long-distance communications and navigation, and microelectronics.

Detailed information:

< p>Composition of the solar panel and functions of each part:< /strong>

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(1) Tempered glass: Its function is to protect the main body of electricity generation (such as battery cells). There are requirements for its light transmission selection:

(2) EVA: used for bonding and fixing tempered glass and the quality of the main power generation body (battery sheet). The transparent EVA materialt directly affects the life of the component. EVA exposed to air is prone to aging and yellowing, thereby affecting the light transmission of the component, thereby affecting the power generation quality of the component in addition to the EVA itself. On the quality, the module manufacturer's lamination process also has a great impact. For example, if the bonding degree of EVA is not up to standard and the bonding strength between EVA and tempered glass and backplane is insufficient, it will cause premature aging. of EVA and affect the lifespan of the module.

(3) Cells: The main function is to produce electricity. The main market for power generation is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Crystalline silicon solar cells have equal costsrelatively low ipement, but high consumption and cell costs. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high, and they are more suitable for generating electricity under outdoor sunlight.

Thin film solar cells have relatively high equipment costs, but the consumption and battery costs are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of that of cells made of crystalline silicon, but the low light effect is very good, under ordinary light. Can also produce electricity, like solar cells in a calculator.

(4) Back plate: Function, sealing, insulation and waterproofing. Typically, TPT, TPE and other materials are used and must be resistant to aging. Most component manufacturers offer a 25-year warranty. Tempered glass and aluminum alloyium generally pose no problems. .

(5) Aluminum alloy: protects rolled parts and plays a certain sealing and supporting role.

(6) Junction box: Protects the entire power generation system and acts as a power transfer station. If any component is shorted, the junction box will automatically disconnect the shorted battery string to avoid burning. of the entire system. The most critical thing in the junction box is the selection of diodes depends on the type of cells in the module, and the corresponding diodes are also different.

(7) Silica gel: sealing function, used to seal the junction between components and aluminum alloy frames, components and junction boxes. Some companies use double-sided tape and foam to replace silica gel. commonly used in China. The process Simple, practical, feasy to use and inexpensive.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Solar panels

1. The conversion of solar energy into electrical energy can be achieved using solar panels

2. Earth's atmosphere Let it flow to generate wind energy, which is then converted into electrical energy using wind power plants

3. Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, and after a long period of time, it becomes. fossil fuels and is converted into thermal power plants for electrical energy

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